贝类受精细胞学的研究现状

从成熟卵子的核相与体外促熟,精子的顶体反应,受精膜的形成,极体的释放与雌雄原核的形成以及多精入卵方面综述了贝类受精细胞学的研究成果,并展望了这一领域的研究和应用前景。     

煤矿塌陷地网箱生态养鳙试验报告

在未治理塌陷地水域,设置生态养鳙网箱52箱。使用生态养殖技术(不投饵),利用微生物制剂及人工诱导饵料生物技术,在25m~2网箱内放养鱼种300尾,其中鳙规格为165g／尾。经过137天的养殖,网箱平均单产19．72kg／m~2,其中鳙单产14．97kg／m~2,折合每667m~2产鳙9985kg。网箱平均产值达138．06元／m~2,净收入为99．66元／m~2,投入产出比为 1∶3．59。     

淡水池塘网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验报告

通过对漠斑牙鲆淡水池塘网箱养殖试验,掌握了该品种的生活习性,探索出漠斑牙鲆内陆地区淡水养殖模式,总结出养殖过程中应采取的技术措施。25m~2网箱总产漠斑牙鲆102．9 kg,平均单产4．12 kg/m~2,平均规格为306．25 g/尾,成活率达84%。     

农业科研单位人才兴所新探

农业科研院所如何调动科研骨干和广大科技人员的积极性以及发挥社会流动人才资源的作用对农业科研单位的发展至关重要。文章以江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所为例,介绍了该所科技管理工作中的一些做法和取得的成效。     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacillus: A Comprehensive Review of Origins,Structures, and Bioactivities

The marine is a highly complex ecosystem including various microorganisms. Bacillus species is a predominant microbialflora widely distributed in marine ecosystems. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of the newly reported metabolites produced by marine-derived Bacillus species over recent years covering the literature from 2014 to 2021. It describes the structural diversity and biological activities of the reported compounds. Herein, a total of 87 newly reported metabolites are included in this article, among which 49 compounds originated from marine sediments, indicating that marine sediments are majority sources of productive strains of Bacillus species Therefore, marine-derived Bacillus species are a potentially promising source for the discovery of new metabolites.     

气候变化情景下毛竹潜在分布及动态预测

为探究毛竹的潜在分布及其动态变化,并确定对其分布起主导作用的环境变量,文章基于MaxEnt预测模型,利用环境变量图层及316个毛竹分布点数据研究毛竹地理分布的变化。结果显示：1）限制毛竹分布的主要环境变量为最干月降水量、年均降水量、最冷月最低温、年平均温、温度年较差和海拔;2）当前毛竹的潜在适生区主要位于中国东南部,与亚热带季风气候区大致重叠,高适生区主要位于总适生区的东部和西北部;3）在未来气候情景下,毛竹总适生区面积有所缩减,各不同等级适生区面积变化大,其中高适生区面积大幅度缩减。研究获得的毛竹适生区变化趋势可为毛竹培育、引种以及入侵防治提供参考。     

Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

池塘网箱配合饲料养殖鳜鱼技术研究

为研究池塘网箱配合饲料养殖鳜鱼技术,在3个池塘中进行人工生态设置,架设不超过池塘总面积10%的网箱,网箱外投放不同生态位与食性的鱼类控制池塘生物总量,网箱中投放鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky)苗种,全程投喂配合饲料,结合投喂以中草药成分制作的药饵。试验结果表明,养殖期间未发生病害,3个池塘水质52.4%的时间为轻度富营养化,47.6%的时间为中度富营养化;商品鳜鱼产量15～18 kg/m2,折算池塘平均产量12 700～14 400 kg/hm2,养殖利润194 400～249 900元/hm2,商品鳜鱼规格整齐,起捕销售便捷,经济效益和生态效益显著。     

松材线虫病的潜伏侵染

潜伏侵染指病原物侵入植物组织后,由于寄主或环境条件的限制,暂时停止生长活动,但仍保持其生命,寄主植物不表现症状的现象.松材线虫病是世界范围内重要的松树流行性病害,也是我国目前危害最为严重的森林病害.潜伏侵染在松材线虫病的发生地广泛存在,目前因为其发生发展机制不明确,给松材线虫病的防控带来了一定的难度.此外,由于潜伏侵染...