小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。     

早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

杏花器官组织抗寒性研究

通过人工模拟霜害试验,研究了杏花抗寒性与花器官组织结构的关系,并统计了冻害率。结果表明:4个仁用杏品种的抗寒性由强到弱为优一、白玉扁、一窝蜂、龙王帽;在同一朵花中,抗寒性强弱为花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;未接种冰核细菌的花比接菌的抗寒性强。-3℃低温处理后,各品种的子房显微结构均受到不同程度的破坏。     

Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis

Landscape ecology has made tremendous progress in recent decades, but as a rapidly developing discipline it is faced with new problems and challenges. To identify the key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology, a special session entitled “Top 10 List for Landscape Ecology in the 21st Century” was organized at the 16th Annual Symposium of the US Regional Association of International Association of Landscape Ecology, held at Arizona State University (Tempe, Arizona, USA) during April 25–29, 2001. A group of leading landscape ecologists were invited to present their views. This paper is intended to be a synthesis, but not necessarily a consensus, of the special session. We have organized the diverse and wide-ranging perspectives into six general key issues and 10 priority research topics. The key issues are: (1) interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity, (2) integration between basic research and applications,(3) Conceptual and theoretical development, (4) education and training, (5)international scholarly communication and collaborations, and (6) outreach and communication with the public and decision makers. The top 10 research topics are: (1) ecological flows in landscape mosaics, (2) causes, processes, and consequences of land use and land cover change, (3) nonlinear dynamics and landscape complexity, (4) scaling, (5) methodological development, (6) relating landscape metrics to ecological processes, (7) integrating humans and their activities into landscape ecology, (8) optimization of landscape pattern, (9)landscape sustainability, and (10) data acquisition and accuracy assessment. We emphasize that, although this synthesis was based on the presentations at the“Top 10 List” session, it is not a document that has been agreed upon by each and every participant. Rather, we believe that it is reflective of the broad-scale vision of the collective as to where landscape ecology is now and where it may be going in future. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

醋栗优良品种——坠玉

 ‘坠玉’醋栗品种是从美国引进品种中筛选出的优良品种。该品种果实大, 品质好, 果梗较长, 采摘容易, 生长势强, 抗白粉病能力强, 对醋栗叶斑病感病极轻, 丰产稳产, 可在东北地区推广。     

七种寄主植物对烟粉虱生长发育、存活和增殖的影响

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一种世界性的经济作物重要害虫,近几年在我国南方及河北、山东、北京、天津等地已发展为主要害虫。国外对其生物型、生物学、种群动态和防治技术已有较多的研究,我国相关研究报道较少。作者研究25℃下烟粉虱在七种寄主植物上的生长发育、存活及增殖情况,试图为制定综合防治策略提供参考。     

Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

影响菜心游离小孢子培养的因素

对影响菜心游离小孢子培养诱导胚状体的主要因素如基因型、花序低温预处理、高温起始培养和培养基进行了研究，结果表明，基因型对小孢子培养起着决定性的作用，不同材料之间，诱导频率差异显著；低温预处理幼花序可明显提高小孢子胚状体的诱导率，培养基中加入活性炭可改善胚的分化，高温预培养促进胚状体诱导。