接骨木种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

运用ISSR分子标记对24份接骨木属植物的遗传距离、亲缘关系进行分析。13条ISSR引物共扩增出3061条可统计条带,其中多态性条带3059个,多态位点百分率高达99.93%,表明接骨木属植物遗传多样性非常丰富。依据ISSR扩增结果,利用NTSYS-pc2.1e软件进行分析,24份接骨木样本的遗传相似系数在0.6772~0.8578。经UPGMA聚类分析,24份接骨木属植物分为2大类,国内接骨木优良单株聚类分析结果与其果实性状的相关性不显著;“金羽”接骨木与国内接骨木聚为一类,亲缘关系较近。     

Human health risk assessment and risk source analysis of arsenic in soil from a coal chemical plant in Northwest China

Purpose

Arsenic (As) is a potentially toxic element and poses risks to human health during coal chemical technology application. Human health risk of As in coal chemical industry was seldom reported. The results of As human health risk distribution for the entire coal chemical plant in our study may provide theoretical and practical support to reduce human health risk of As in coal chemical industry.

Materials and methods

We collected 153 soil samples with a chessboard sampling method in a coal chemical plant in northwestern China. Arsenic concentrations in the soil were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the soil samples were digested. Human health risk of As was assessed through three exposure pathways including inhalation, skin contact, and oral intake. A human health risk distribution map of As for the entire plant was obtained by kriging method.

Results and discussion

The integrated carcinogenic risk of As in the soil was 8.59–13.31 times of the acceptable standard (1.00E-06), which was established by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, while the hazard quotient was within the acceptable range (<?1.00). Oral intake, through which 76.61% of the total carcinogenic risk was contributed, was the main pathway of As to human body and gave the smallest control threshold (1.59 mg kg^?1) among the three exposure pathways. The smallest control threshold was recommended as the safety control threshold of As in this plant. Moreover, the highest carcinogenic risk and the largest hazard quotient were found in the Power Unit and its downwind direction (in the southeast of plant) because of As disposal and the local prevailing wind.

Conclusions

In the present study, As spatial distribution in the soil was obtained. A map of As human health risk distribution for the entire coal chemical plant was obtained with kriging method based on limited sampling points, which was more robust compared with traditional methods. Arsenic human health risk sources were also analyzed. The results may be applied in the process of reducing human health risk of As in coal chemical industry.

     

基于近红外光谱的北京市全株玉米原料康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系组分分析与预测

本试验旨在基于康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)建立北京市全株玉米原料营养成分数据库,并利用近红外光谱(NIRS)方法建立其营养价值预测模型。试验采集北京市18个牧场89份全株玉米原料样品,测定其营养成分,利用CNCPS 6.5计算各样品碳水化合物(CHO)和蛋白质组成。定标集和验证集根据4∶1的配比关系,分别选用71份和18份全株玉米原料样品作为定标集和验证集评价NIRS模型。结果显示:1) NIRS分析技术对全株玉米原料常规营养成分、CNCPS中蛋白质组成和CHO组成均具有较好的预测能力,且精确度较高。2)干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉(Starch)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、CHO、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)、可溶性纤维(CB2)、可消化纤维(CB3)、不消化纤维(CC)、可溶性真蛋白质(PA2)、难溶性真蛋白质(PB1)、纤维结合蛋白质(PB2)和非降解蛋白质(PC)的定标决定系数(1-VR)均>0.80,验证决定系数(RSQv)均≥0.84,这些模型均可用于日常快速检测分析。DM、Ash、EE、NDF、ADF、ADL、Starch、NDIP、CHO、NFC、CB2、CB3、PC和PB1的NIRS模型参数均采用二阶导数处理,CP、SP、ADIP、CC、PA2和PB2的NIRS模型参数均采用标准正态变量+二阶导数处理。综上所述,本研究提供了全株玉米原料的基础化学分析数据,并通过NIRS分析技术建立了主要营养成分的快速预测模型,有利于养殖场青贮前对全株玉米原料质量的快速评估。     

山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化及空气动力学特征

试验研究了山西省东南部羊舍气载真菌浓度变化规律和真菌气溶胶的空气动力学特征,以期为羊场的环境控制提供依据。应用Andersen-6级空气微生物采样器,以孟加拉红培养基为采样介质,于春、夏、秋、冬分别采集了山西省东南部3个羊场羊舍的真菌气溶胶,分析其气载真菌浓度和真菌气溶胶的粒径特点。结果表明,羊舍气载真菌一年中以秋季浓度最高,显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）,且秋季一天上午、中午、下午3个时间段中,浓度差异显著（P<0.05）;羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子4个季节在采样器上的分布基本相同,高峰出现在第Ⅳ级,主要分布在Ⅲ~Ⅴ级,占各级总数的72.66%~83.87%,可进入人和动物的肺泡;羊舍真菌气溶胶粒子计数中值直径（CMD）为1.3~2.9 μm,粒径分布的离散度（GSD）为1.6~2.7 μm;夏季CMD显著低于其他季节（P<0.05）。综合以上结果,羊舍气载真菌浓度与季节密切相关,80%左右气溶胶粒子可进入人和动物肺泡,且CMD小于其他动物圈舍,潜在危害较大。     

产色素与不产色素新疆紫草培养细胞超微结构的动态变化

对培养１５,２５和３５ｄ的新疆紫草培养细胞的电镜观察结果表明：紫草素的合成部位在内质网上;色素颗粒通过两种方式分泌到细胞外,一是与细胞膜融合,通过细胞壁释放到细胞外,二是通过细胞裂解大量排出细胞外。不产色素细胞的生长和结构变化情况与产色素细胞都相类似,只是未见大量的色素颗粒。     

品种对3∶1式移栽棉棉铃发育的影响

研究结果表明：品种对铃重影响作用表现为中早熟品种大于中熟品种,品种间差异随育苗期延后而增大。中早熟品种棉纤维发育早于中熟品种。品种对棉籽（仁）脂肪累积作用表现为中早熟品种优于中熟品种,而蛋白质累积则相反。棉仁棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸含量变化品种间差异较小,豆蔻酸和亚油酸变化趋势相反,品种间存在差异;品种对棉仁氨基酸累积的作用表现为中熟品种优于中早熟品种。３∶１式移栽棉品种选择受育苗期影响很大,早育苗时可选用中熟品种。     

桃金娘扦插繁殖试验初报

用经两年驯化的桃金娘嫩枝和硬枝作插穗,采用砻糠碳黑等5种扦插基质,用不同浓度的6号ABT生根粉处理插穗进行比较试验,得出用砻糠碳黑做基质采用嫩枝扦插方式育苗能显著提高成活率。     

辽宁绒山羊与本地山羊杂交改良效果分析

分析了杂交一代山羊在体型外貌、体重、体尺、产绒量、绒长、粗毛长等性状与本地山羊的差异。结果表明,F1代杂种羊具明显的父本外貌特征,其粗毛及羊绒为白色。在体重与体尺土,F1代杂种羊与本地山羊差异不显著（P＞0.05）,F1代杂种羊的产绒量、绒长、粗毛长明显高于本地羊,差异极显著（P＜0.01）。经分析,单从产绒量上每只杂交一代羊较本地山羊增加收入6－10元,经济效益明显。     

Dietary administration of Bacillus (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) and isomaltooligosaccharide influences the intestinal microflora,immunological parameters and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in shrimp,Penaeus japonicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) in combination with prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) on the intestinal microflora and immunological parameters of Penaeus japonicus and its resistence against Vibrio alginolyticus. A basal diet was supplemented with 0% probiotics and prebiotic (control), 10⁸ colony forming unit (CFU) g^?1B. licheniformis and 0.2% IMO (T1), 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T2), 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. licheniformis in combination with 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T3). The results showed that the total bacterial counts significantly increased (P<0.05) and Vibrio counts significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the intestine of shrimp with supplementation of dietary synbiotics. Shrimp fed the diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) produced significantly higher immune parameters (phenoloxidase activity, lysozyme activity and nitric oxide synthase activity and superoxide dismutase activity) than the control group (P<0.05). Significant lower cumulative mortality after challenge with V. alginolyticus was also observed in shrimp fed diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results indicated that the oral administration of probiotics (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) and prebiotic IMO has positive effects on bacterial flora in P. japonicus gut, and can activate non‐specific immunity of shrimp.     

一种安全有效提高虹鳟苗种成活率的技术

为安全有效地提高虹鳟苗种成活率,应用1种生物制剂——抗菌肽对虹鳟苗种进行浸泡处理。通过比较苗种成活率,检测SOD、ALP、CAT、IL、IFN、TNF等6种免疫相关酶表达量,采用扫描电镜检测苗种体表细菌情况,确定抗菌肽浸泡对虹鳟成活率的影响。试验结果显示,自破膜期开始,用40%抗菌肽浸泡10次,试验组6种免疫相关酶表达量明显高于对照组,试验组苗种的成活率高达95%以上,对照组苗种的成活率则低于30%。电镜观察结果显示,试验组仔鱼体表细菌数量显著减少。试验结果表明,用抗菌肽浸泡法能显著提高虹鳟苗种成活率。