Microsatellite marker isolation and cultured strain identification in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis>

Microsatellites have become the preferred molecular markers for strain selection and genetic breeding in fish. In this study a total of 105 microsatellites were isolated and identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by microsatellite sequence searches in GenBank and other databases and by screening and sequencing of positive clones from the genomic library enriched for AG and GATA repeats. Moreover, nineteen microsatellites were randomly selected to design locus-specific primer pairs, and these were successfully used to identify and discriminate different cultured strains of gibel carp including strains A, D, L, and F. Three different types of microsatellite pattern were distinguished by the number and length of fragments amplified from the 19 primer pairs, and some microsatellite primer pairs were found to produce different microsatellite patterns among strains and strain-specific fragments. In addition, some duplicated alleles were also detected in two microsatellite patterns. Therefore, the current study provides direct molecular markers to discriminate among different cultured strains for selective breeding and aquaculture practice of gibel carp.     

Social aspects of the sustainability of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

A pilot project in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, is growing kelps, mussels, and salmon in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Biological and economic results are positive, but social acceptability is also a critical component of aquaculture sustainability. Focus group sessions with several segments of the population (restaurateurs, residents of communities near aquaculture facilities, and the general population) were held and the participants’ knowledge of, and opinions on, IMTA were recorded. Most participants felt that IMTA had the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of salmon farming, benefit community economies, and improve industry competitiveness and sustainability. All felt that seafood produced in IMTA systems would be safe to eat and 50% of the participants were willing to pay 10% more for these products if labelled as such. The participants felt that IMTA appears to be an improvement over current monoculture practices and would be cautiously welcomed in the marketplace. A promotional campaign educating the general public, food distributors, and other industry stakeholders about the positive benefits of IMTA would go a long way in gaining mainstream acceptance of this aquaculture practice.     

Effectiveness of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate as an ascorbic acid source for sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the adequate dietary ascorbic acid (AsA) levels and the effects on growth, meat quality and antioxidant status of sea cucumber (10.04 ± 0.06 g), Apostichopus japonicus. l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (35% AsA equivalent) was supplemented separately to the basal diet to obtain five AsA levels, 0, 598, 1473, 4676 and 14340 mg kg^?1 diet respectively. After 60‐day feeding trial, the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 598 and 1473 mg AsA kg^?1 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain and specific growth rate values than the sea cucumbers fed control diets. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 1473 and 4676 mg AsA kg^?1 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) hydroxyproline contents than those of the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0 and 598 mg AsA kg^?1. Antioxidant enzymes such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed increasing trends with the increasing dietary AsA levels, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed when the sea cucumbers fed diets with high dietary AsA levels. The content of malondialdehyde had the opposite trend of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the adequate dietary AsA level focusing on growth performance of sea cucumber is between 598 and 1473 mg kg^?1 diet. Furthermore, high level of dietary AsA (between 598 and 4676 mg kg^?1 diet) improved meat quality and antioxidant status.     

辣椒育苗基质配方施肥的研究

采用３因素２次通用旋转组合设计法，研究辣椒育苗基质的配方施肥技术，建立了配方配方优化模型，并计算出适合于重庆地区辣椒育苗基质的施肥方案。即尿素０．８８ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，过磷酸钙２０ｋｇ／ｍ＾３和不施钾肥。     

The study on the cytology and histochemistry of lymphoid organ spheroids in Penaeus chinensis

The lymphoid organ spheroids (LOS) were investigated by cytological and histochemical techniques in Penaeus chinensis. The results showed that the LOS only appeared in the individuals with relatively large lymphoid organ (long diameter>2 mm.). The LOS were mainly made up of two types of cells, one of which had a low cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, developed marginated chromatin and 1–2 nucleoli, while the other had large cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, homogeneous chromatin, and no or only one nucleolus. These two kinds of cells all contained mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The necrotic cells could usually be observed. The LOS showed negative PAS reaction, weak positive phenoloxidase, and negative -naphthyl-acetate esterase (-NAE).     

大兴安岭植被净第一性生产力估算与动态分析

植被净第一性生产力在全球变化研究中扮演着重要的角色,NPP的估算与分析对于研究全球生态系统碳循环和区域气候变化具有重要意义。本文借助MODIS卫星传感器提供的归一化植被指数NDVI数据和大兴安岭地区的气象数据等为研究资料,通过构建CASA模型对大兴安岭地区不同类型植被的NPP进行了模拟估算,并通过地理信息系统等研究工具研究了该地区2010年生长季(5~9月份)不同植被NPP分布随时间的动态变化,和总体植被的NPP空间分布状况。大兴安岭地区植被生长期NPP总体平均值为318.29 g C/m2·a。从空间分布格局看,全区植被NPP空间分布差异较为明显。不同植被类型的NPP具有明显差异,生长期NPP总体平均值森林>草甸>灌木>农作物。不同植被类型5~9月NPP随时间动态变化的趋势基本一致,植被NPP最大峰值出现在在6~7月份之间。最后对模型计算结果与实测植被NPP数据、Modis数据的NPP产品及其他学者的估测结果进行比较,结果基本一致。     

自然植被净第一性生产力模型及其应用

本文利用中国１２５组天然成熟森林资料及Ｅｆｉｍｏｖａ在ＩＢＰ期间获得的世界各地的２３组森林,草地及荒漠等自然被资料应用及相应的气候资料对目前流行的气候生产力模型;Ｍｉａｍｉ模型,Ｔｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ Ｍｅｍｏｒｉａｌ 模型,Ｃｈｉｕｋｇｏ模型,综合模型及北京模型的适用性进行了研究。结果表明：Ｃｈｉｋｕｇｏ模型,北京模型与综合模型都能较好地反应森林净第一性生产力状况,但对于干旱半干旱地区,模型与综     

玉米秸秆厌氧产氢工艺参数优化

为解决玉米秸秆结构致密导致秸秆发酵难于直接降解的问题,首先分别采用0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的HCl溶液对其进行预处理,以厌氧活性污泥为接种物进行中温(38℃)发酵产氢试验。结果表明,玉米秸秆的累积产氢量和产氢速率随着盐酸质量分数的增大先增加后降低,0.6%HCl处理效果最佳,单位累积产氢量和产氢速率分别为87.90 m L/g和3.05 m L/(g·h)。再以0.6%HCl溶液预处理的玉米秸秆为底物进行发酵产氢的单因素和正交试验,研究了秸秆粒径、底物浓度、初始p H值对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产氢过程的影响。结果表明:玉米秸秆粒径越小越利于发酵产氢;适度增加底物浓度可增加产氢量;适宜的发酵初始p H值有利于产氢细菌的生长繁殖;得到较佳的工艺参数组合为秸秆粒径150μm、底物浓度15 g/L、初始p H值为7,此时累积产氢量为112.87 m L/g。     

洞庭湖平原越冬稻虫捕食性天敌群落结构初报

通过系统调查研究并经室内鉴定,洞庭湖平原稻虫捕食性天敌越冬群落的物种组成,包括捕食性天敌昆虫4目10科20种和稻田蜘蛛8科16属21种,其中天敌昆虫优势种为稻红瓢虫,稻田蜘蛛优势种为拟水狼蛛和食虫沟瘤蛛。稻田异质性的高低是影响稻田越冬捕食性天敌群落物种组成及丰富度的一个重要因素。     

Acoustic emission behavior of shale under four point bending test

PXWAE Acoustic Emission System is useol to investigate the acoustic emission behavior of shale under four point bending test. In these tests, the maximum bending stress, bending strain, acoustic emission hits, acoustic emission energy and etc., are recorded. The results show that when vertical loads impose on the shale sample which has horizontal stratification planes, Kaiser effect does exist under four point bending tests. Kaiser point can be recognized directly from the stress vs. cumulative AE hits curve. But by the impact of shale’s stratifications and local failure during the tests, strain relaxation occur which makes it difficult to determine the Kaiser point only by the strain vs. acoustic emission curve. An accurate conclusion can be achieved by a comprehensive judgment combing with all test data, as well as the failure mode of rock sample. The research on acoustic emission behavior of rock in the stress state during bending tests to some extend can provide guidance to engineering practice for stability monitoring of mine roof or separation layer with acoustic emission monitoring technology.