南昌市城市道路绿化现状及改进对策

分析了南昌市道路绿化现状,指出了南昌市城市道路绿化建设方面存在着道路绿化设计水平不高,树种、植被结构简单,养护管理不到位以及市民绿化意识低等一系列问题,有针对性地提出了相应的措施,为南昌市的道路绿化提供参考。     

刺槐实时定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

The real-time PCR is an important method for analyzing gene expression levels. Selection of reference genes suitable for calibration of the expression of objective gene according to specific experiment...     

红肉猕猴桃果实发育期不同果肉部位比较转录组分析

红肉猕猴桃中果皮和内果皮在果实发育不同时期色泽变化模式有显著差异,但目前对于其内在的分子调控机制尚不清楚。本研究中,利用高通量测序技术,对红肉猕猴桃(‘红实2号’)中果皮与内果皮4个不同发育时期(开花后0 d, 28 d, 75 d, 157 d,分别标注为T1时期, T2时期, T3时期, T4时期)的样本进行转录组测序。经去除低质量数据后,得到Clean reads数目为2 192～4 331万,检测到的基因数目为24 607～29 170个。在(log2 Ratio)≥1和FDR<0.05阈值下,中果皮和内果皮在T2、T3、T4时期检测到的差异基因数目分别为1 880个、4 799个、7 346个和4 31个、1 493个、7 700个。KEGG分析显示这些差异表达基因被富集到68个代谢途径,包括DNA复制、RNA转运、蛋白质输出、植物激素信号转导、类黄酮生物合成、花青素合成、淀粉与蔗糖的代谢等。此外我们还鉴定到13个花青素合成相关基因差异表达,大部分基因的表达量随果实的发育呈现下降趋势,这一结果与花青素含量变化模式相吻合。本研究不仅深化了对猕猴桃果实成色差异机理的认识,还对今后的彩色猕猴桃选育种工作有一定的帮助。     

不同养分供应量对“玫瑰香”葡萄光合作用及果实生长发育的影响

以4年生"玫瑰香"葡萄为试材,设置改良霍格兰营养液0.5、1.0、1.5倍3个浓度,探讨了不同养分供应量对"玫瑰香"葡萄树体营养生长、光合特性和果实品质的影响。结果表明:不同营养液浓度处理下的新梢长度、粗度和主干基部直径均表现为1.5倍1.0倍0.5倍,0.5倍浓度和1.0倍浓度处理下的净光合速率高于1.5倍浓度,果实的可溶性固形物和花色苷含量均表现为1.0倍浓度处理最大,而可滴定酸含量为1.5倍0.5倍1.0倍。从整体情况来看,适当提高营养液浓度(1.0倍),有利于增加可溶性固形物、降低可滴定酸含量和果实的提前着色;营养液浓度过高时,可溶性固形物含量反而下降,可滴定酸含量增加,不利于提高果实品质和果实风味物质的形成。     

休闲期不同耕作模式对旱地麦田土壤水分、养分及产量的影响

为探索适宜晋南旱地小麦高效生产的耕作模式,以晋麦92为试验材料,设置休闲期深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松、常规耕作(对照)4个耕作模式,研究其对土壤水分及养分、作物生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式较对照休闲末期3m内土壤蓄水量和土壤蓄水效率显著提高,土壤蓄水效率提高达52.5%~91.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;越冬-孕穗期3m内土壤蓄水量提高,且深松/深松模式与对照差异显著;各生育时期单株干物质积累量提高,且越冬-拔节期深松/深松、深松/深翻模式与对照差异显著,孕穗-成熟期各耕作模式与对照差异均显著;穗数、千粒重、产量和水分利用效率显著提高,其中穗数提高22.7%~29.9%,水分利用效率提高15.1%~21.6%,产量提高39.4%~60.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;收获后0~40cm土层土壤有机质平均含量提高2.5%~8.7%,速效磷含量提高11.1%~34.4%,碱解氮含量提高5.1%~20.2%,以深松/深松模式较好。总之,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式均能提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,改善养分供应状况,有利于促进小麦干物质积累,最终提高产量和水分利用效率,以深松/深松模式最佳。     

Development of male-specific markers and identification of sex reversal mutants in papaya

Papaya is a productive and nutritious fruit grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. It is polygamous with three sex types: female, male and hermaphrodite. Sex determination in papaya is controlled by an XY sex chromosome system with two slightly different Y chromosomes, Y for males and Y^h for hermaphrodites. Comparative analysis of the hermaphrodite-specific region of Y^h chromosome (HSY) and male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) revealed 99.6% sequence identity, which explains why DNA markers that amplify for both males and hermaphrodites have easily been developed, but not for the male trait specifically. We examined the 0.4% sequence differences, and found 1887 indels and 21,088 SNPs between MSY and HSY. The vast majority of indels are single nucleotide or few base pairs. A large male-specific retrotransposon insertion of 8396 bp was used to develop two papaya male-specific markers, PMSM1 and PMSM2 that amplify 585 and 548 bp fragments, respectively. These two markers were tested in 11 gynodioecious and four dioecious varieties along with autosomal DNA marker 71E and male/hermaphrodite marker W11, and the results showed clear separation of male from hermaphrodite and female. PMSM1 and PMSM2 were also used to test the sex type of six sex male-to-hermaphrodite reversal mutants which are crucial materials for validating candidate genes for sex determination in papaya. Our result showed all six mutants were positive for the male-specific markers. These male-specific markers can be used to distinguish gynodioecious and dioecious cultivars in papaya seed market, and facilitate genetic and genomic research for papaya improvement.     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

8℃相变蓄冷技术

指出了自“十二五”规划以来,可持续发展和能源结构转型成为我国政府工作的重中之重,合理利用能源为人类社会创造更加美好的现代生活已经成为社会的共识。蓄冷技术能够按需实现能量的存储和释放,从宏观上起到“移峰填谷”平衡电网的作用;我国电力系统实行分时计价政策,从微观上可以利用峰谷电价差为用户节省制冷系统的运行费用。8℃相变蓄冷技术兼备了传统水蓄冷和冰蓄冷的优点,具有蓄冷密度大、系统简单的突出优点,是当前蓄冷技术研究和应用的前沿方向,市场前景十分广阔。     

油菜精量直播机凸轮摇杆式播量调节机构设计与试验

针对不同区域的油菜种植农艺差异、不同播期播量差异及播量范围变化大的生产实际,该文设计了一种输出轴与输入轴转速速比范围为0.1～0.45的凸轮摇杆式油菜精量直播机播量调节装置。解析了调节机构的基本运动原理,分析了凸轮摇杆机构凸轮轮廓曲线及从动件运动规律,所设计凸轮轮廓曲线呈纺锤形,从动件位移曲线为螺旋曲线,从动件速度变化曲线为一峰三柱点曲线,从动件角速度变化曲线为2条不同振幅与频率的正弦曲线合并而成。开展了播量调节装置速比精确性和对排种器排种性能影响试验。试验结果表明,不同输入轴转速下,速比为0.2～0.45时播量调节装置输出轴转速相对误差值对比速比为0.1～0.2时较小,平均误差低于3.8%;不同输入轴转速、种床带前进速度下播量调节装置对排种器排种性能影响较小,播量调节装置可实现油菜不同播量需求。预调播量为5 500和6 720 g/hm2进行田间试验,结果表明,油菜各行1 m内平均苗数为16和20,符合预调播量;各行苗数一致性变异系数为6.48%和8.19%,播量调节装置满足油菜对变量播种的农艺要求。