案例分析——美国西尼罗河热疫情的暴发与防控

自1999年美国报道首例人西尼罗河病毒(WNV)感染以来,已出现了41 000多例临床感染病例和1 700多例死亡病例。1999年至2012年间,美国因人感染WNV住院造成的花费累计约7.78亿美元。同时,马属动物的治疗和免疫接种及WNV的监控也给美国带来了更严重的经济负担。针对WNV感染,美国采取了一系列防控措施,如建立国家虫媒病毒监测系统(ArboNET)、控制流行地区蚊虫、开发新型诊断方法、实施疫苗免疫等。但是,由于美国至少有65种蚊子能够传播WNV,感染WNV的候鸟可长距离传播病毒,加之季节、气候、人类活动等因素,导致WNV在美国难以根除。本案例提示我国应注重完善国家外来人兽共患病监测系统和实验室诊断方法 ;加强公共卫生实验室能力建设;利用大数据,建立WNV长期预警模型;确定理想的哨兵动物;加强政府与企业的合作以及疫苗、驱蚊剂的研发;加强宣传,突出防控重点。     

酵母菌生长最适条件和最佳菌种的探讨

利用食品工业生产过程中排出的大量废水,培养酵母菌可提高原料的利用率,缓解蛋白质饲料资源的不足,经利用后的废水大大净化,减少了环境污染。酵母菌作为单细胞生物,其蛋白质含量很高,含有８～１２种氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量也很高,富含脂肪和维生素,特别是Ｂ族维生素多达９种。利用食品工业废水培养酵母菌制成饲料,对发展我国畜牧业、饲料工业有重大的社会经济意义。基于此,我们通过大量试验,尽可能准确地得出了酵母菌生长的最适条件和最佳菌种,为推广工业化大规模生产提供依据。１材料与方法１．１材料１．１．１菌种　白地霉Ａ…     

基于VG-PENG收缩特征曲线与收缩各向异性的裂隙率估算模型

为量化农田裂隙发育程度,考虑脱湿过程中土壤孔隙在基质域、沉降域和裂隙域间转化,该研究提出基于土壤收缩特征和收缩各向异性的裂隙体积比率(裂隙率)关于含水率的预测模型.该模型包括3个子模型:改进VG型式的基质域收缩特征VG-PENG模型,描述收缩各向异性的几何因子Logistic模型,基于上述VG-PENG收缩特征模型和几...     

基于遗传算法的基质培黄瓜营养液配方优化（英文）

为探究施肥多因子耦合对黄瓜产量、品质、肥料利用率等方面的综合调控,获取适宜的基质栽培营养液配方。以'博耐526'黄瓜为试材,通过四因素（N、K、Ca、Mg）五水平（1/2）二次正交旋转组合设计,共23个处理,利用四元二次回归分析建立了N、K、Ca、Mg对黄瓜产量品质综合评分的回归模型,分析了双因素与三因素耦合效应对黄瓜产量品质综合评分的影响。结果表明,各因素对黄瓜产量品质综合评分的影响程度由大到小依次为氮、钾、钙、镁,黄瓜产量品质综合评分随各因素的增加均呈现先增加后减小的趋势。N-K和N-Ca的耦合效应显著（P<0.05）,而其余因素耦合效应不显著（P>0.05）;N-K耦合效应对黄瓜产量和品质综合得分的影响为负,而N-Ca耦合效应为正。同时建立了黄瓜产量品质综合评分、氮、钾和钙利用率的多目标优化模型,利用遗传算法对该模型进行模拟寻优,得到优化的氮,钾,钙和镁浓度分别为14.83、6.89、3.55和4.17 mmol/L。在此条件下,黄瓜的单株产量、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和可溶性总糖含量分别比山崎黄瓜专用配方处理显着提高了21.07%,40.91%,53.33%和11.48%,有机酸和硝酸盐含量比山崎黄瓜专用配方处理显著降低,此结果可为基质栽培黄瓜高产优质和营养液科学管理提供指导依据。     

昆虫嗅觉在监测物质开发上的应用

本文对昆虫嗅觉传导信息化合物的机理在监测物质开发方面的应用前景进行了综述。首先介绍了参与昆虫嗅觉传导的多种蛋白组分、关键组分OBPs和Ors缺失后对昆虫行为的影响;其次对昆虫嗅觉及其关键组分在害虫监测仪器的开发和高效诱集物质研发上的应用进行了阐述,以期提高害虫监测水平。     

北票市畜牧技术推广体系改革与建设项目实施效果及建议

深化基层畜牧技术推广体系改革与建设，旨在提升基层畜牧技术推广体系公共服务能力。北票市畜牧技术推广站通过一系列措施，建立健全新型基层畜牧技术推广服务体系。基层畜牧技术推广体系改革与建设推进了体制机制创新，完善了工作机制，夯实了人才基础，提高了服务效能。通过两年的实践证明，基层畜牧技术推广体系改革与建设项目实施，有效解决了畜牧技术推广服务体系“最后一公里”问题。     

浅析新疆矿产资源上市公司会计信息监管

文章对新疆矿产资源上市公司的会计信息监管做了研究,首先介绍了会计信息监管的模式以及新疆矿产资源上市公司监管现状,然后指出了会计信息监管中存在的问题,紧接着对所提出的问题给出了相关的建议对策。     

“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析

利用ＰＣＲ－９０Ａ型ＤＮＡ扩增仪，对７个中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ进行了扩增。结果显示，中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ的ＲＡＰＤ产物可分为二种类型：（１）所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段，代表了核ＤＮＡ在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。（２）全部供试材料间存在的差异片段，这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外，建立中国春小麦缺体系统的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义     

Emerging issues in genomic selection

Genomic selection (GS) is now practiced successfully across many species. However, many questions remain, such as long-term effects, estimations of genomic parameters, robustness of genome-wide association study (GWAS) with small and large datasets, and stability of genomic predictions. This study summarizes presentations from the authors at the 2020 American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) symposium. The focus of many studies until now is on linkage disequilibrium between two loci. Ignoring higher-level equilibrium may lead to phantom dominance and epistasis. The Bulmer effect leads to a reduction of the additive variance; however, the selection for increased recombination rate can release anew genetic variance. With genomic information, estimates of genetic parameters may be biased by genomic preselection, but costs of estimation can increase drastically due to the dense form of the genomic information. To make the computation of estimates feasible, genotypes could be retained only for the most important animals, and methods of estimation should use algorithms that can recognize dense blocks in sparse matrices. GWASs using small genomic datasets frequently find many marker-trait associations, whereas studies using much bigger datasets find only a few. Most of the current tools use very simple models for GWAS, possibly causing artifacts. These models are adequate for large datasets where pseudo-phenotypes such as deregressed proofs indirectly account for important effects for traits of interest. Artifacts arising in GWAS with small datasets can be minimized by using data from all animals (whether genotyped or not), realistic models, and methods that account for population structure. Recent developments permit the computation of P-values from genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), where models can be arbitrarily complex but restricted to genotyped animals only, and single-step GBLUP that also uses phenotypes from ungenotyped animals. Stability was an important part of nongenomic evaluations, where genetic predictions were stable in the absence of new data even with low prediction accuracies. Unfortunately, genomic evaluations for such animals change because all animals with genotypes are connected. A top-ranked animal can easily drop in the next evaluation, causing a crisis of confidence in genomic evaluations. While correlations between consecutive genomic evaluations are high, outliers can have differences as high as 1 SD. A solution to fluctuating genomic evaluations is to base selection decisions on groups of animals. Although many issues in GS have been solved, many new issues that require additional research continue to surface.     

Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis

In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.