过瘤胃甜菜碱对奶牛泌乳性能和生产性能的影响

实验选取黑龙江省大庆市某集约化奶牛场年龄、胎次、体况及泌乳量相近的健康奶牛40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中每头每天添加5、10和20 g过瘤胃甜菜碱,Ⅳ组为过瘤胃甜菜碱对照组。试验期从产前14 d至产后42 d,通过对试验奶牛产后乳蛋白（LP）、乳脂率（BF）、乳糖（SL）的分析,研究过瘤胃胆碱和甜...     

模糊模式识别在车型分类中的应用

利用各种车辆通过环形线圈的感应曲线作为研究对象,用模糊识别理论进行车辆的特征提取及隶属度函数的建立,并在特征提取的基础上进行特征选取和匹配分类来进行车辆识别。     

A selective activity-dependent requirement for dynamin 1 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Dynamin 1 is a neuron-specific guanosine triphosphatase thought to be critically required for the fission reaction of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Unexpectedly, mice lacking dynamin 1 were able to form functional synapses, even though their postnatal viability was limited. However, during spontaneous network activity, branched, tubular plasma membrane invaginations accumulated, capped by clathrin-coated pits, in synapses of dynamin 1-knockout mice. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis was severely impaired during strong exogenous stimulation but resumed efficiently when the stimulus was terminated. Thus, dynamin 1-independent mechanisms can support limited synaptic vesicle endocytosis, but dynamin 1 is needed during high levels of neuronal activity.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

基于物联网技术的甜玉米土壤墒情监测及评价应用

本文基于物联网技术的广州市农业机械化技术推广站农业物联网综合应用平台,利用高精度土壤湿度传感器和智能气象站所采集的环境信息,估算甜玉米不同生育阶段需水量(ETc)及其适宜的土壤含水量,并结合广东甜玉米主产区典型土壤质地类型,初步建立了不同质地土壤相对应的墒情评价指标体系。实际应用结果表明,该系统能实现土壤水分实时自动监测,对不同质地土壤甜玉米墒情评价准确,可作为广东甜玉米水分精准管理的依据,为农业科技信息服务提供了一条新途径,具有广阔的应用前景。     

丙溴磷在稻田中的残留降解行为研究

通过田间试验,研究了丙溴磷在稻田中的残留动态过程,借助气相色谱技术,得到添加回收率为80.1～113.2%,相对标准偏差为2.7～9.4%。丙溴磷在稻田水、土壤及水稻植株中的降解半衰期分别为1.9～2.2d,3.6～4.3d,1.8～2.5d;丙溴磷在稻田水、稻田土壤及水稻植株中的最低检出浓度分别为5.0×10-2mg/L、5×10-2、5.0×10-2mg/kg。     

人工神经网络用于异噻唑啉酮的定量结构-活性关系研究

采用误差反传前向人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN)建立了21种2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮类化合物的结构与其抗菌活性之间的定量关系模型(ANN模型),以21种3-异噻唑啉酮类化合物的量子化学参数和拓扑指数作为输入、抗菌活性作为输出,所构建网络模型的交叉检验相关系数为0.991 6、标准偏差为0.080 1、残差绝对值≤0.221,应用于外部预测集,预测集相关系数为0.973 1;而多元线性回归(multiple linearregression,MLR)法模型的相关系数为0.841 8、标准偏差为0.303 9、残差绝对值≤0.636。结果表明,ANN模型获得了比MLR模型更好的拟合效果。     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机

针对现代果园低矮密植的种植特点,设计了3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机。通过理论计算和虚拟样机技术,完成整机结构设计和各关键部件技术参数的确定。设计了适应于低矮密植果园的圆环双流道风送雾化装置,确定叶轮直径0.7 m、出风口宽度0.13 m。实现风机转速0～2 000 r/min的无级变速。田间试验结果表明,树膛内部枝叶正、反面雾滴附着率分别为61.22%、20.90%;树膛外部枝叶正、反面雾滴附着率分别为77.22%、37.17%;作业效率为1.02 hm2/h。     

北虫草干燥特性与粉碎工艺试验

北虫草经过热风干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥后,利用图像处理技术分析干燥方法对表面积收缩率的影响,并结合干燥后北虫草的剪切和压碎力学特性,确定适宜粉碎的干燥方式;以通过200目标准检验筛的粉体质量分数为评价指标,通过分析干燥后北虫草的剪切粉碎和球磨粉碎工艺,确定北虫草的最优粉碎工艺参数。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥后的北虫草面积收缩率、剪切力和压碎力均最小,真空冷冻干燥为北虫草粉碎最适宜的干燥方法;剪切粉碎最优工艺参数为:粉碎时间3 min,物料填充率25%,物料含水率3%,此时粉碎效率为68.5 g/h,耗电量为0.46 kW.h/kg;球磨粉碎最优工艺参数为:粉碎转速266 r/min,粉碎时间60 min,介质填充率23%,物料填充率15%,此时粉碎效率为36.5 g/h,耗电量为2 kW.h/kg。