草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定

为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9～2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8～11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。     

西宁盆地4种草本和灌木植物降盐效应试验研究

以西宁盆地长岭沟流域自建试验区为研究区,筛选出适宜当地气候条件下生长的2种灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王[Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.]和2种草本植物细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum cv.Slender)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa Linn.)作为试验供试种,在试验区对4种植物采用单一种植和组合种植方式,探讨2种种植条件下植物根系在边坡地表以下垂直方向土体中K^+、Ca^2+、Na^+、Mg^2+、SO4^2-、Cl^-、HCO3^-、CO3^2-等8种易溶盐离子含量及其变化特征,评价了区内2种草本和2种灌木植物降低边坡土体盐分的能力。结果表明:单一种植细茎冰草、紫花苜蓿、柠条锦鸡儿、霸王对边坡土体中SO4^2-、Ca^2+、Na^+具有显著降低作用,草本与灌木组合Ⅰ(柠条锦鸡儿+紫花苜蓿+细茎冰草组合)和草本与灌木组合Ⅱ(霸王+紫花苜蓿+细茎冰草组合)对边坡土体中SO4^2-、Ca^2+、Mg^2+、K^+、Na^+表现出显著降低作用;紫花苜蓿的降盐效果相对较为显著、其次为柠条锦鸡儿和细茎冰草,霸王的降盐效果不及前者显著;草本与灌木组合Ⅱ的降盐效果相对显著于草本与灌木组合Ⅰ。     

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’和‘枫林红晕’

小菊新品种‘枫林黄星’是以‘Branice Sunny’为母本,‘183’株系为父本经人工杂交选育而成,舌状花亮黄色,头状花序直径3.7 cm,冠幅63.8 cm,单株着花1 007朵。‘枫林红晕’是以‘388’株系为母本,从德国引进的多个品种为父本混合授粉选育而成,舌状花中上部粉色,下部白色,头状花序直径3.6 cm,冠幅60.2 cm,单株着花847朵。两个新品种冠幅大,株形紧凑丰满,呈半圆形,群体效果良好,适于北京地区秋季绿化。     

Effects of histone hypomethylation induced by alcohol during pregnancy on overexpression of cardiomyogenesis genes offspring mice

AIM:To investigate the effects of histone methylation on the abnormal expression of cardiomyogenesis genes caused by alcohol during pregnancy and the regulatory mechanism, and to provide a new idea and intervention targets for preventing and curing congenital heart disease. METHODS:The alcohol (56%, 5 mL/kg) and G9a-histone methyltransferases (HMT) inhibitor BRD4770 (1 mg/kg) were given by gavage in Kunming mice during embryo (E) 0.5~14.5 d, and the hearts of the mice in E14.5, E16.5 and post neonatal 0.5 d (PND0.5) were collected. The mRNA expression of Gata4, Cx43 and β-MHC genes was detected by RT-qPCR. The activity of HMT was measured by colorimetry. Meanwhile, the protein expression of histone H3K9me3, G9a-HMT, Cx43 and β-MHC was determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The results of colorimetry showed that the activity of HMT in the heart of the offspring mice treated with alcohol during pregnancy was decreased significantly compared with normal saline group (P<0.05), and Western blot data showed that the expression of G9a-HMT and histone H3K9me3 were apparently decreased in the same samples (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Gata4, Cx43 and β-MHC in alcohol group were apparently increased compared with normal saline group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the protein levels of Cx43 and β-MHC were increased significantly in the same samples (P<0.05). However, BRD4770, a G9a-HMT inhibitor, further attenuated the level of histone H3K9me3, and further upregulated the expression of Gata4, Cx43 and β-MHC in the heart of the the mice treated with alcohol (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Histone methylation modification imbalance induced by G9a-HMT may be involved in the abnormal expression of cardiomyogenesis genes in the heart of offspring mice caused by alcohol during pregnancy.     

蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应

以阔叶空心菜为试材,研究蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应。结果表明：绿化阶段结束时处理L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1（光强7 000 lx,红光∶蓝光∶白光为4∶1∶1）的脱壳率显著高于其他处理;光强为7 000 lx 时,3 种光质处理的蕹菜芽苗菜可食部分干质量均显著高于白光对照;光照强度过高显著影响叶绿素的累积,高光强（L₁₁₀₀₀）下的叶绿素a、叶绿素b 含量及叶绿素总量随红光比例的增加而降低,同时子叶白化现象越发明显;不同光强条件下,3 种光质处理的抗坏 血酸含量均随着红光比例的增加而降低,而可溶性糖含量处理间差异不显著;主成分分析结果表明,L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1 在本试验条件下表现最佳,是较适宜蕹菜芽苗菜工厂化生产的LED 光源配方。     

紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果害虫及其天敌的影响

为探究紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果园害虫及天敌的影响,在山东省沂水市苹果园设置了紫花苜蓿逐行、隔1行和隔2行种植的布局方式,以自然生草区为对照,系统调查了4种生草方式苹果园果树上和生草上害虫及天敌的发生动态。结果表明:害虫的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最少,比隔1行种植区少20.29%,比隔2行种植区少48.53%,比自然生草区少49.91%;苹果树上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植区最多,是逐行种植区的1.13倍、隔2行种植区的1.29倍、自然生草区的1.78倍;生草上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最多,是隔1行种植区的1.05倍、隔2行种植区的1.19倍、自然生草区的1.66倍;益害比方面,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区和隔1行种植区的益害比明显高于其他生草区。综合防治效果和种植成本,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植的布局方式更合理。     

YD25-200型四柱式油压机电气控制线路的PLC改造

因YD25-200型四柱式油压机在生产中电气控制系统经常发生故障,通过对故障原因进行分析,利用三菱PLC作为控制核心,对其继电控制电路进行改造.文章展示了传统继电器控制系统向PLC控制系统的改造过程,利用PLC电路替代继电电路,简化了原油压机的控制电路,提高电气系统的稳定性和可靠性,易于查故、便于维修,节省大量的继电器元件,使油压机的工作效率更高.     

水利风景区发展态势与展望

生态文明建设总体方案的颁布、国家公园体制的提出、经济新常态的出现以及水利部力推水生态文明建设,将对水利风景区的发展产生重要影响.未来,水利风景区对生态文明,特别是水生态文明建设的功能和地位将进一步强化,水利风景区对社会经济的拉动效应将进一步显现,这既对2016年水利风景区工作提出新的更高要求,也为水利风景区发展创造了良好契机.预计2016年水利风景区规模数量将逐步增大,类型结构将不断优化,景区品质将稳步提升,景区功能将有新的提升,景区类型将有新的拓展,总体将呈现蓬勃发展的良好态势.