以生为本 知行并重——河北农业大学实践育人理念的传承和发展

实践育人是大学生成长成才的必由之路,在河北农业大学110年的发展历程中,始终以人才培养为中心,注重实践教学。在回顾学校实践教学历史的基础上分析了＂以生为本、知行并重＂实践育人理念的时代意义和近年来学校实践育人工作的新进展。     

新型苹果品质改良剂的作用效果研究

当前果园生产中促进苹果果实着色使用最广泛的技术是套袋,但又因其需要大量劳动力和影响果实内在品质,降低耐储性等问题,需要有新的方法能达到与其相似的作用效果。为解决这一问题,该试验在苹果优生区陕西省白水进行了田间试验,以期探索一种更为高效省力、安全环保、逐步替代苹果套袋的新技术。试验以二氢茉莉酸甲酯(MDJ)和香草醛为主成分的2种苹果专用品质改良剂(TR1、TR2)为试材,并与靓钛肥(TR3)及市场上流行的稀土高科肥(TR4)进行比较,通过测定相关指标,探讨其对8年生中熟"玉华早富"苹果果实品质的作用效果。结果表明:2种品质改良剂与同类产品相比,均能有效促进中熟苹果果皮着色,改善果形及亮度,显著提高果实糖酸比,增加维生素C和钾含量;同时对果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度也有促进作用;综上,2种苹果品质改良剂在中熟品种"玉华早富"上应用效果更好,能够同时改善果实风味、营养及贮藏品质,促进果实着色;且其作用效果与含钛(Ti)叶面肥相接近,具有市场推广价值。     

The Fractionation and Composition Properties of Wheat Straw Lignin and LCC Extracted by Alkaline Solution at Ambient Temperature

采用酸化沉淀法程序分级分离室温麦草碱抽提液中本质素、木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC),得到了pH值10.5、9.0和2.0三个级分.pH值10.5级分得率较高,为12.24％,该组分含有大量的碳水化合物,可能是以水不溶性LCC为主.随着pH值的降低,级分中的木质素含量逐渐增加,碳水化合物含量逐渐减少,pH值9.0和2 0组分均是以木质素为主.pH值2.0级分中碳水化合物含有较多的阿拉伯糖和半乳糖,该级分中LCC组成与pH值10.5和9.0级分LCC组成可能不同.抽提液中的SiO2大部分沉淀在pH值10.5和9.0级分中,pH值9.0级分中灰分质量分数高达13.29％.酸化沉淀程序分离法是一种分级分离麦草碱抽提液中木质素、LCC的有效方法.     

Exogenous Nitric Oxide Involved in Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cu~（2＋） Under Copper Stress in Tomato Seedlings

Nitric oxide（NO）,a bioactive signaling molecule,serves as an antioxidant and anti-stress agent under abiotic stress.A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside（SNP）,a NO donor,on tomato seedlings exposed to 50 μmol L-1CuCl 2.The results show that copper is primarily stored in the soluble cell sap fraction in the roots,especially after treatment with Cu＋SNP treatment,which accounted for 66.2% of the total copper content.The copper concentration gradually decreased from the roots to the leaves.In the leaves,exogenous NO induces the storage of excess copper in the cell walls.Copper stress decreases the proportion of copper integrated with pectates and proteins,but exogenous NO remarkably reverses this trend.The alleviating effect of NO is blocked by hemoglobin.Thus,exogenous NO is likely involved in the regulation of the subcellular copper concentrations and its chemical forms under copper stress.Although exogenous NO inhibited the absorption and transport of excess copper to some extent,the copper accumulation in tomato seedlings significantly increased under copper stress.The use of exogenous NO to enhance copper tolerance in some plants is a promising method for copper remediation.     

高校图书馆数字媒体资源库的理论认识与模型构建

介绍高校数字化媒体资源库的本质涵义及其对于学习者的意义,设计了一个基于图书馆局域网环境下的数字媒体资源库模型,提出了图书馆数字化媒体资源库与学校各工作平台的对接模式.     

向海尖底泡沼泽沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义

以吉林省向海自然保护区尖底泡沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过210Pb,137Cs建立高分辨率年代序列,并结合沉积物粒度指标,分析沉积物粒度与磁化率变化的相关性,对向海近几百年的环境变化进行探讨.结果表明:历史时期内陆沼泽沉积物频率磁化率反映的向海气候变化可划分3个阶段,并与粒度的分析结果基本一致.沼泽沉积物磁化率可以作为恢复历史时期环境变化的指标之一.     

Construction of Full-length cDNA of Recombinant Rabies Virus SRV9 Strain Expressing EgM123 Gene of Echinococcus granulosus

The aim of the experiment was to construct the recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ vaccine strain with EgM123 gene by reverse genetics technology and provide the technical means for effective prevention and control of rabies and hydatidosis in China's agricultural and pastoral areas.In this study,the structural protein N,P and L genes of rabies virus SRV₉ were synthesized using gene synthesis technology,which was based on the complete genome sequence of rabies virus SRV₉ and the fusion fragment of the N-P-M fusion fragment and the rabies G gene,through the carrier of enzyme insertion connection methods,the recombinant rabies virus L gene,N-P-M gene fusion fragment and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fusion fragment were successively recombined on the expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) to construct the full-length cDNA of recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ with EgM123 gene.The synthesized genes were constructed on pcDNA3.1(-) expression vector,and the results of transformation,plasmid digestion and gene sequencing showed that the length of N,P,L,N+P+M and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fragments were 1 365,1 107,6 471,3 160 and 3 256 bp,respectively.The full-length cDNA fragment of EgM123 gene recombinant rabies virus full-length cDNA was 12 465 bp,and the sequencing results of each gene fragment were 100%.In this experiment,the full-length cDNA fragment of recombinant EgM123 rabies and eukaryotic expression vectors of the N,P and L genes of rabies virus were successfully constructed,which could save EgM123 gene recombinant rabies by reverse genetics,it also provided the reference for the development of rabies and hydatid disease combined gene recombinant oral live vaccine.     

富士苹果施钙肥效应

以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。     

转基因抗病毒病四倍体西瓜的培育

利用西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)外壳蛋白(CP)基因、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(ZYMV)复制酶(NIb)基因和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)复制酶基因构建三价基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转化四倍体西瓜植株,经分子检测证明目的基因成功地导入西瓜植株,并在后代中稳定遗传。经温室及大田接种鉴定,T3代转基因西瓜抗病毒性达中抗水平,为抗病毒无籽西瓜新品种的培育提供了可能性。