信阳市芽苗菜发展前景分析

结合信阳市独特的饮食文化以及芽苗菜的特点、生产技术等,分析了信阳发展芽苗菜生产的途径。     

黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。     

不同部位西门塔尔牛肉理化品质分析及烤制加工适宜性的研究

[目的]研究不同部位西门塔尔牛肉原料肉的理化品质,评价烤制加工后的食用品质和感官品质。[方法]选取体重为550 kg左右的西门塔尔肉牛10头,屠宰分割后取不同部位牛肉（里脊、外脊、前腿、后腿、眼肉、米龙）。4 ℃排酸72 h后,采用常规方法测定不同部位牛肉的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、水分含量、pH值以及色泽指标,并对大理石花纹等级进行评分;220 ℃烤制10 min后,对不同部位牛肉进行剪切力和加工损失率测定,并对感官品质指标进行评价。[结果]不同部位牛肉的脂肪含量、大理石花纹评分、L^*值、a^*值、剪切力、色泽评分、嫩度评分、多汁性评分、香气评分和总体可接受性评分差异显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）,不同部位牛肉中的蛋白质含量、水分含量、pH值、b^*值、加工损失率、滋味评分差异不显著（P>0.05）。眼肉中脂肪含量最高（P<0.01）,前腿、后腿脂肪含量相同,均为最低（P<0.01）;眼肉、外脊的大理石花纹评分显著（P<0.01）高于其他部位;眼肉、外脊的L^*值显著（P<0.05）高于其他部位,里脊、后腿的L^*值显著（P<0.05）低于其他部位;外脊和眼肉的a^*值显著（P<0.01）低于其他部位;眼肉、外脊的剪切力显著（P<0.01）低于其他部位;眼肉的总体可接受性评分显著（P<0.05）高于其他部位,前腿、后腿和米龙的总体可接受性评分相同,均为最低（P<0.05）。[结论]外脊、眼肉的肌内脂肪含量高于其他部位,烤制后产品的嫩度、滋味及总体可接受性较好。眼肉和外脊是西门塔尔牛肉中最适宜加工烤制产品的部位。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting antibody to Rickettsia australis in sera of various animal species

New endemic areas of spotted fever-like rickettsial disease have been found in south-eastern Australia (Gippsland, Victoria and Flinders Island, Tasmania). The rickettsia responsible is currently unknown although it may be Rickettsia australis. To investigate serological evidence of rickettsial exposure in various wild animal species, a competitive ELISA was developed which detected antibodies to R. australis. It was based on inhibition of an indirect ELISA detecting antibody to R. australis in guinea pig sera. Pre- and post-infection sera from 2 dogs, 2 rabbits, 5 mice and 6 rats, experimentally infected with R. australis, were tested by competitive ELISA. The results showed that all pre-infection sera were negative and all post-infection sera positive for antibody to R. australis. To test the utility of the competitive ELISA for detecting natural rickettsial infection in non-laboratory animals, 51 dog sera, negative for rickettsial antibody by immunofluorescence (IF) and 20 IF positive dog sera (collected from various locations on the east coast of Australia) were tested. Compared to the IF test the competitive ELISA was 90% sensitive and 96% specific. This new test has potential for detecting antibody to R. australis in the sera of different wild animal species.     

Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in China

The paper describes the history and evolvement of brucellosis in China. It presents the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief. Before 1980s, human and animal brucellosis was quite severe; during 1980s, the incidence of human and animal brucellosis was relatively low, and seemed to decrease during the decade. During 1990s, there were no obvious changes in the incidence of animal brucellosis, but the incidence of human brucellosis increased, especially from 1995 to 2001. There are not only some common characteristics but also some differences in brucellosis epidemiology relative to that reported in the rest of the world. For the entire country, B. melitensis was the predominant strain associated with outbreaks, and the epidemic peak is from February to June. Several Brucella vaccines have been used in China for prevention and control of brucellosis. such as B. abortus 104 M in humans, B. suis S2 in animals. The introduction of comprehensive measures has allowed great progress in the prevention and control of brucellosis in China. Surveillance points were set-up countrywide to estimate the epidemic situation. In addition, we discussed the new characteristics of brucellosis in China, the influence of the El Nino phenomenon on brucellosis epidemic situation, the phenomenon of antigenic interference between Brucella species and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines.     

法氏囊活性肽对鸡体增重及饲料转化率的影响

把不同剂量的法氏囊活性肽 (BS)冻干粉与传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)活苗混合后 ,对 2 1日龄SPF鸡滴鼻点眼 ,同时另选一批同样生长状态的鸡 ,在颈部皮下接种IBD细胞毒油苗 ,同时肌肉注射上述不同剂量法氏囊活性肽 ,观察法氏囊活性肽对鸡生长性能的影响。结果发现 :免疫后7d ,活苗 0 2mLBS组增长最快 ,比免疫对照组多增 82 5 % ,并且饲料报酬高。但从整个试验期看 ,0 4mLBS组增重效果较好 ,比免疫对照组多增 1 9 8% ,并且有较高的饲料转化率。而肌肉注射BS组中 ,高剂量 (0 8mL)BS组的增重效果一直很好 ,比对照组总增重平均多增 7 2 3 % ,并有较高的饲料报酬。这说明滴鼻点眼或是肌肉注射 ,BS都有促生长的作用     

脂肪细胞中微RNA的研究进展

微RNA(miRNA)是一类长约22 nt的非编码小RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA特定位点结合,在转录后水平引起该mRNA的降解或抑制蛋白质合成。大量研究显示,脂肪细胞分化过程受miRNA的调节,在前体脂肪细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞过程中具有多种功能。深入了解miRNA在脂肪细胞分化过程中的作用有助于探索脂肪形成的分子机制,以及发现脂类代谢性疾病的潜在治疗靶点。     

深圳草坪越冬保绿的施肥研究

研究比较了4种肥料在深圳3个草坪草上对促进草坪草的生长和越冬保绿效果。结果表明,施肥处理对台湾草、马尼拉草和假检草均有明显的促进生长和越冬保绿效果。其中,施用有机无机草坪肥和草坪液肥的应用效果较其他两种肥料更好。     

猪链球菌2型JX分离株的生物学特性

从临床表现为脑膜炎、关节炎及败血症的发病猪分离到2株细菌，分别命名为JX02和JX03，经鉴定其形态、染色及培养特性均符合链球菌的特点，具α或β溶血，生化试验结果不稳定。用猪链球菌2型、1型和9型抗血清进行凝集试验，结果2株菌均能与猪链球2型抗血清凝集，其中1株菌对小鼠和家兔均有致病性，另1株菌只能致死家兔。PCR均能扩增2株菌的主要毒力因子基因。表明发病猪的病原不同于以往的C群链球菌，不是马链球菌兽疫亚种，而是属于R群的猪链球菌。     

Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The aim of the study was to compare the acute toxicity of diclofenac to juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute toxicity tests were performed on the aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The tests were performed using a semi-static method according to OECD guideline No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test). Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in compliance with OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine 96hLC50 and 144hLC50 (median lethal concentration, 50% mortality after a 96 h or 144 h interval, respectively) values of diclofenac. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of Danio rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. The LC50 mean value of diclofenac was 166.6 +/- 9.8 mg/L in juvenile Danio rerio, and 6.11 +/- 2.48 mg/L in embryonic stages of Danio rerio. The study demonstrated a statistically higher sensitivity to diclofenac (P < 0.05) in embryonic stages compared to the juvenile fish.