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61.
Takaharu Itami Hiroko Aida Makoto Asakawa Yoko Fujii Tomoya Iizuka Ayako Imai Toshie Iseri Tomohito Ishizuka Kei Kakishima Masatoshi Kamata Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki Shotaro Nagahama Kiyokazu Naganobu Ryohei Nishimura Shozo Okano Tadashi Sano Kazuto Yamashita Yoshiki Yamaya Masashi Yanagawa 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):461-472
Objective
To explore the major risk factors linking preoperative characteristics and anaesthesia-related death in dogs in referral hospitals in Japan.Study design
Observational cohort study.Animals
From April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011, 4323 dogs anaesthetized in 18 referral hospitals in Japan.Methods
Questionnaire forms were collated anonymously. Death occurring within 48 hours after extubation was considered as an anaesthesia-related death. Patient outcome (alive or dead) was set as the outcome variable. Preoperative general physical characteristics, complete blood cell counts, serum biochemical examinations and intraoperative complications were set as explanatory variables. The risk factors for anaesthesia-related death were evaluated using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis of the data. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results
Thirteen dogs that died from surgical error or euthanasia were excluded from statistical analysis. The total mortality rate in this study was 0.65% [28/4310 dogs; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.89]. Furthermore, 75% (95% CI, 55.1–89.3) of anaesthesia-related deaths occurred in dogs with pre-existing diseases. Most of the deaths occurred postoperatively (23/28; 82.1%; 95% CI, 63.1–93.9). Preoperative serum glucose concentration <77 mg dL–1 (6/46; 13.0%; 95% CI, 4.9–26.3), disturbance of consciousness (6/50; 12.0%; 95% CI, 4.5–24.3), white cell count >15,200 μL–1 (16/499; 3.4%; 95% CI, 1.9–5.5) and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III–V (19/1092; 1.7%; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7) were identified as risk factors for anaesthesia-related death. Intraoperative hypoxaemia (8/34; 23.5%; 95% CI, 10.7–41.2) and tachycardia (4/148; 2.7%; 95% CI, 0.7–6.8) were also risk factors for anaesthesia-related death.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The results revealed that certain preoperative characteristics were associated with increased odds of anaesthesia-related death, specifically low serum glucose concentration and disturbances of consciousness. Greater attention to correcting preanaesthetic patient abnormalities may reduce the risk of anaesthesia-related death. 相似文献62.
Sachi Minagawa Satoshi Sekiguchi Yuzuru Nakaso Masahiro Tomita Manabu Takahisa Hideyo Yasuda 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
Silkworm has great potential as production system of recombinant mammalian proteins. When the protein products are used for medical purpose, it is required to reduce the risk of an allergy, the content of core alpha 1,3-fucosyl residue attached to the N-glycan of proteins, for example. We isolated the gene of an enzyme responsible for the transfer of core alpha 1,3-fucosyl residue, core alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase (Fuc-T C3), from silkworm. A candidate cDNA for silkworm Fuc-T C3 was isolated as a homolog of the fruit fly enzyme gene fucTA. The gene was located on chromosome 7 of the silkworm genome and was composed of seven exons, which spanned approximately 10 kb on the genome. The coding region of the gene was 1,350 bp and encoded a 450-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 52.2 kDa. Deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region showed one transmembrane domain in its N-terminal and typical motifs common to fucosyltransferases including Fuc-T C3s of other organisms in its C-terminal. The extract of CHO cells transfected with the cDNA showed Fuc-T C3 activity using GDP-fucose and DABS-GnGn peptide as substrates. These results showed this cDNA clone actually encodes silkworm Fuc-T C3. 相似文献
63.
S.‐H. Jien Z.‐Y. Hseu Y. Iizuka T.‐H. Chen C.‐Y. Chiu 《European Journal of Soil Science》2010,61(3):319-332
Well‐developed placic horizons have been found in subalpine forest soils with large clay contents in Taiwan. We investigated their formation processes in five profiles in a subalpine ecosystem of northeastern Taiwan, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential X‐ray diffraction (DXRD) and chemical extractions. The placic horizons, ranging from 3‐ to 17‐mm thick, always occurred above argillic horizons with abrupt changes in pH and texture between the two horizons. When fully developed, the placic horizons were clearly differentiated between upper and lower sub‐horizons. EDS and chemical extractions revealed that the cementing materials in both were predominantly inorganic Fe oxides. However, contents of aluminosilicates and organically complexed Fe and Al were greater in the lower than in the upper placic sub‐horizon. Results of EPMA indicated that interstitial fine materials in the upper placic sub‐horizon were composed mainly of Fe oxides, whereas Fe oxides were codominant with illuvial clay in the lower sub‐horizon. These analyses identified the migration of Fe and clay as major formation processes in both sub‐horizons. We hypothesize that there is a pedogenic sequence that starts with clay illuviation, followed by podzolization. The resultant textural and permeability differentiation reinforces the tendency to profile episaturation that is already inherent from the heavy rainfall and clayey surface soils. Topsoil Fe is therefore reduced and mobilized, and then illuviated with clay and organically complexed Fe/Al to initiate the lower placic sub‐horizon. The poor permeability of this layer reinforces the moisture conditions in the surface soils, and the further reduction, illuviation and deposition of inorganic Fe to form the upper placic sub‐horizon. 相似文献
64.
Takahiro Iizuka Tsutomu Kuboyama Wataru Marubashi Masayuki Oda Takahiro Tezuka 《Euphytica》2012,186(2):321-328
To elucidate the genetic mechanism of hybrid lethality observed in hybrids between cultivated tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, and wild tobacco species in the section Suaveolentes, genetic analyses were conducted through the triple cross of the hybrids of wild species, including N. benthamiana and N. fragrans, and N. tabacum. N. benthamiana and N. fragrans produced only viable hybrids after crossing with N. tabacum. Subsequently, N. benthamiana and N. fragrans were crossed with N. africana, N. debneyi, and/or N. suaveolens, which produced inviable hybrids after crossing with N. tabacum. Hybrids of the wild species were obtained from four of the six cross combinations. Only when hybrid plants of N. debneyi × N. fragrans, whose hybridity was confirmed by morphological characteristics, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and chromosome observation, were crossed with N. tabacum, triple hybrids were obtained and segregated 1:1 (lethal:viable). Based on these results, a single dominant gene, designated Hybrid Lethality A1 (HLA1), in N. debneyi was found to control hybrid lethality by the interaction with gene(s) on the Q chromosome in N. tabacum. This represents the first report to identify a causal gene for hybrid lethality in the genus Nicotiana. 相似文献
65.
Timing of acorn development and abortion is an important maternal strategy in oak sexual reproduction. To understand the significance
of acorn abortion in Quercus serrata, artificial pollination of different mating patterns (outcross, self-, and nonpollination) was performed, and the timing
of abortion and the size and internal development of acorns from each mating type were investigated. Acorns were aborted similarly
in every pollination treatment until 80 days after pollination. Almost all self- and nonpollinated acorns were rapidly aborted
during the period 80–120 days after pollination. During that period, differences in internal fruit development between outcross-pollinated
and unsuitably pollinated (self- and nonpolinated) acorns were observed. In addition, cotyledon development and a rapid increase
in fruit size were observed in the acorns gained by outcross pollination. The correspondence between the timing of abortion
and the timing of rapid size growth and the development of storage organs suggests that this acorn-maintenance strategy may
be the consequence of a maternal adaptation that allows better reproductive success under resource limitation. 相似文献
66.
Futoshi Ishiguri Kazuko Makino Imam Wahyudi Yuya Takashima Kazuya Iizuka Shinso Yokota Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):526-531
The relationship between the growth speed and wood properties of Pinus merkusii was investigated using 34-year-old trees planted in Indonesia in an attempt to promote the establishment of plantation of
this species. The trees in the test plot were categorized as fast, middle, or slow growing according to the mean stem diameter
and standard deviation in the plot. Five trees were selected from each category to investigate the effects of the growth rate
on the wood properties [basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to the grain in a 5-mm-diameter core sample (CS)].
No significant correlation was recognized between the stem diameter and the stress wave velocity of trees. Clearly lower values
of BD and CS were found in slow-growing trees than in fast- and middle-growing trees. The BD of xylem near the pith was reduced
by extraction with organic solvent. BD after extraction and CS gradually increased from pith to bark. The results obtained
in this study clarified that an early selection of trees with high BD is possible by using the BD after extraction at 4 cm
from the pith. 相似文献
67.
68.
69.
Denny Irawati Shinso Yokota Tomohiro Niwa Yuya Takashima Chisato Ueda Futoshi Ishiguri Kazuya Iizuka Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(2):180-183
The chemical characteristics and the suitability for enzymatic saccharification in the spent culture media (SCM) of Auricularia polytricha were examined in order to investigate the utilization of the SCM as a biomass resource for alternative energy production.
Wood meals from 3 hardwood species (Quercus serrata, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Alnus japonica) and 2 softwood species (Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica) were used as basal culture media. Dry weight of fruiting bodies were higher in the cultural media made of B. platphylla var. japonica and A. japonica. Amount of weight loss in media showed almost the same value among the cultural media made of 5 species, except for media
made of C. japonica. The amounts of the main chemical components (Klason lignin, holocellulose, and α-cellulose) in SCM showed lower values than
those in wood meals (WM) and fresh media (FM). After saccharification of the media by Meiselase for 48 h, the hydrolysis weight
decrease dramatically increased in SCM. The amount of glucose in SCM ranged from 10.9 to 19.2 g/100 g dry biomass. The highest
amount of glucose was obtained in the SCM from B. platyphylla var. japonica. These results indicate that SCM of A. polytricha is a suitable biomass material to produce fermentable sugars for bio-ethanol production. 相似文献
70.
I. Thibault R. D. Hedger J. J. Dodson J.‐C. Shiao Y. Iizuka W.‐N. Tzeng 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(3):348-360
Thibault I, Hedger RD, Dodson JJ, Shiao J‐C, Iizuka Y, Tzeng W‐N. Anadromy and the dispersal of an invasive fish species (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Eastern Quebec, as revealed by otolith microchemistry. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 348–360. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is invading rivers bordering the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada). Some rivers in Eastern Quebec support self‐sustaining populations while adult vagrants are frequently captured in rivers where no reproduction has been confirmed. We hypothesised that the development of anadromy has promoted the species dispersal. Otolith Sr:Ca analyses revealed that although all fish captured in the upstream stocking region were freshwater residents, both anadromous and freshwater resident phenotypes were found downstream in Eastern Quebec. The proportion of fish exhibiting the anadromous life cycle increased with the distance from the stocking zone. Eastern Quebec steelhead migrated to sea at the same age but at a larger size than steelhead within their native range. Age at first reproduction was similar to that observed in native populations. The development of the anadromous life cycle enables this species to colonise new rivers following long‐distance migrations along the St. Lawrence Estuary corridor. 相似文献