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71.
Kazuya Takeuchi Yusuke Kuroda Takamasa Numano Masayuki Kimura Seigo Hayashi Satoshi Furukawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(3):269
Recently, intratracheal instillation has been focused on as a simple, low-cost alternative to the inhalation method. In this study, intratracheal instillation of sulfuric acid, a typical acidic compound, was performed to compare the acute toxicity of acidic compounds that could cause damage to the respiratory system between intratracheal instillation and inhalation. Sulfuric acid was administered to male rats at doses of 0.7, 2, 7, 20, and 60 mg/kg by dividing the total dose into four doses. General condition and body weight were examined up to 14 days after administration, and macropathological and histopathological examinations were performed. The half-lethal dose was then estimated. All animals administered 20 and 60 mg/kg sulfuric acid and one animal administered 2 mg/kg sulfuric acid died within 4 h after administration. No abnormalities were observed in other animals. At 20 and 60 mg/kg, multiple red foci or diffuse red areas were macroscopically observed in the lungs. In these lesions, histopathologically, clefts between the mucosal epithelium and basement membrane and necrosis of the alveolar epithelium were observed. Deaths in these groups may have resulted from lung injury. No notable changes were observed in other animals. Therefore, the half-lethal dose of sulfuric acid by intratracheal instillation was estimated as 7–20 mg/kg. The acute toxicity by intratracheal instillation was evaluated with two-fold sensitivity since the exposure at the half-lethal sulfuric acid concentration in inhalation studies was calculated as 43.2 mg/kg. 相似文献
72.
Katsuyuki Ichitani Daisuke Yamaguchi Satoru Taura Yasuo Fukutoku Masahira Onoue Keiichi Shimizu Fumio Hashimoto Yusuke Sakata Muneharu Sato 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):222-230
Two extremely late heading mutants were induced by ion beam irradiation in rice cultivar ‘Taichung 65’: KGM26 and KGM27. The F2 populations from the cross between the two mutants and Taichung 65 showed clear 3 early: 1 late segregation, suggesting control of late heading by a recessive gene. The genes identified in KGM26 and KGM27 were respectively designated as FLT1 and FLT2. The two genes were mapped using the crosses between the two mutants and an Indica cultivar ‘Kasalath’. FLT1 was located on the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 8. FLT2 was located around the centromere of chromosome 9. FLT1 might share the same locus as EHD3 because their chromosomal location is overlapping. FLT2 is inferred to be a new gene because no gene with a comparable effect to that of this gene was mapped near the centromere of chromosome 9. In crosses with Kasalath, homozygotes of late heading mutant genes showed a large variation of days to heading, suggesting that other genes affected late heading mutant genes. 相似文献
73.
We assessed stem burial and adventitious root formation of two late-successional species, Abies
mariesii and A. veitchii, in central Japan. In a plot (5 × 5 m), all seedlings between 8 and 24 cm tall were excavated: six A. mariesii seedlings in soil, and six and four A. veitchii seedlings in soil and on logs, respectively. For each sampled seedling, the number of terminal bud scars (TBS) was counted
on the aboveground and belowground stems. Stem length was measured, and divided into aboveground and belowground stems. Among
the three groups (A. mariesii seedlings in soil and A. veitchii seedlings in soil or on logs), there was no significant difference in height or total root weight (sum of adventitious roots
and primary roots), but diameter at ground level and number of TBS were significantly different. Counting TBS on the aboveground
stem of seedlings in soil underestimated seedling age, whereas the estimate was much closer to the true age for seedlings
on logs. Seedlings in soil formed more adventitious roots than seedlings on logs. A large proportion of the stem was buried
in humus for seedlings in soil, while most of the stem was not buried in humus for seedlings on logs. These results suggest
that substrate affects adventitious root formation, the formation of which is important to shade tolerance. Thus, our preliminary
results suggest that consideration of adventitious root formation is necessary to understand seedling bank dynamics and estimate
seedling ages of these Abies species in spatially heterogeneous old-growth subalpine forests. 相似文献
74.
Shinsuke Koike Hideto Morimoto Yusuke Goto Chinatsu Kozakai Koji Yamazaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(4):215-222
Five members of the order Carnivora in the cool-temperate deciduous forests of Japan consume the fruits of trees, and they
are potential dispersers of the seeds of fleshy-fruited plants. We studied the frugivory of the Asiatic black bear, Japanese
marten, badger, red fox, and raccoon dog in cool-temperate deciduous forest of central Japan. From May 2003 to April 2005,
a total of 377 fecal samples of the five carnivores (bears, 91; martens, 158; badgers, 45; foxes, 36; and raccoon dogs, 47)
were sampled to determine the presence and frequency of occurrence of seeds. Seeds from 17 plant species, representing about
50% of the fleshy-fruited plants occurring in the study forest, were recovered from the carnivore fecal samples. Large numbers
(9–10,256) of seeds were present in those feces. Almost all the seeds of fleshy fruits retrieved from the fecal samples were
undamaged whereas no intact acorns or nuts were recovered. These findings suggest that all five carnivores can act as seed
dispersers for some fleshy-fruited plants in cool-temperate deciduous forest.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
75.
76.
Retort beef aroma that gives preferable properties to canned beef products and its aroma components
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Koshiro Migita Takao Iiduka Kie Tsukamoto Sayuri Sugiura Genichiro Tanaka Gousuke Sakamaki Yasufumi Yamamoto Yusuke Takeshige Toshio Miyazawa Ayako Kojima Tomoko Nakatake Akihiro Okitani Masanori Matsuishi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2050-2056
The objective of this study is to identify the properties and responsible compounds for the aromatic roast odor (retort beef aroma) that commonly occurs in canned beef products and could contribute to their palatability. The optimal temperature for generating retort beef aroma was 121°C. An untrained panel evaluated both uncured corned beef and canned yamato‐ni beef and found that they had an aroma that was significantly (P < 0.01) similar to the odor of 121°C‐heated beef than 100°C‐heated beef. The panel also noted that the aroma of 121°C‐heated beef tended to be (P < 0.1) preferable than that of 100°C‐heated beef. These results suggest that retort beef aroma is one constituent of palatability in canned beef. GC‐MS (gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry) analysis of the volatile fraction obtained from 100°C‐ and 121°C‐heated beef showed that the amounts of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and diacetyl were higher in the 121°C‐heated beef than in the 100°C‐heated beef. GC‐sniffing revealed that the odor quality of pyrazines was similar to that of retort beef aroma. Therefore, pyrazines were suggested to be a candidate responsible for the retort beef aroma. Analysis of commercial uncured corned beef and cured corned beef confirmed the presence of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine. 相似文献
77.
Fast‐to‐slow shift of muscle fiber‐type composition by dietary apple polyphenols in rats: Impact of the low‐dose supplementation
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Wataru Mizunoya Shinpei Okamoto Hideo Miyahara Mariko Akahoshi Takahiro Suzuki Mai‐Khoi Q. Do Hideaki Ohtsubo Yusuke Komiya Mulan Qahar Toshiaki Waga Koichi Nakazato Yoshihide Ikeuchi Judy E. Anderson Ryuichi Tatsumi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):489-499
Our previous studies demonstrated that an 8‐week intake of 5% (w/w) apple polyphenol (APP) in the diet improves muscle endurance of young‐adult rats. In order to identify a lower limit of the dietary contribution of APP to the effect, the experiments were designed for lower‐dose supplementation (8‐week feeding of 0.5% APP in AIN‐93G diet) to 12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Results clearly showed that the 0.5% APP diet significantly up‐regulates slower myosin‐heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoform ratios (IIx and IIa relative to total MyHC) and myoglobin expression in lower hind‐limb muscles examined (P < 0.05). There was a trend to increased fatigue resistance detected from measurements of relative isometric plantar‐flexion force torque generated by a stimulus train delivered to the tibial nerve (F(98, 1372) = 1.246, P = 0.0574). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the animal body‐phenotypes or locomotor activity shown as total moving distance in light and dark periods. Therefore, the present study encourages the notion that even low APP‐intake may increase the proportions of fatigue‐resistant myofibers, and has promise as a strategy for modifying performance in human sports and improving function in age‐related muscle atrophy. 相似文献
78.
79.
Kemmochi Y Takahashi A Miyajima K Yasui Y Tanoue G Shoda T Kakimoto K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(3):161-164
The present report describes a rare case of spontaneous primary histiocytic sarcoma of the popliteal lymph node in a 19-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. At necropsy, a 10 mm-diameter whitish nodule was found at the site of the femoral muscle in the right hindlimb. Histopathologically, the nodule comprised large pleomorphic histiocyte-like cells with abundant eosinophilic or foamy cytoplasm. Multinucleated giant cells, necrotic foci surrounded by palisading arrays of epithelioid histiocyte-like cells and phagocytosis of cell debris or erythrocytes by the neoplastic cells were occasionally observed. Invasion of the tumor cells into the surrounding adipose tissue was found focally, but there were no distal metastases. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, CD68 (ED1) and lysozyme. We concluded that this tumor occurred in the popliteal lymph node, considering the anatomical location of the lesion and the presence of the remnants of lymphoid tissue involved in the tumor. 相似文献
80.
Tomohiro Osaki Seiji Kurozumi Kimihiko Sato Taro Terashi Kazuo Azuma Yusuke Murahata Takeshi Tsuka Norihiko Ito Tomohiro Imagawa Saburo Minami Yoshiharu Okamoto 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5007-5015
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin. GlcNAc is a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate found on the cell surface. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism after oral GlcNAc administration in dogs. Results showed that plasma levels of ectoine were significantly higher after oral administration of GlcNAc than prior to administration (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of increased ectoine concentrations in the plasma. The mechanism by which GlcNAc administration leads to increased ectoine plasma concentration remains unclear; future studies are required to clarify this mechanism. 相似文献