年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马卵泡发育的影响

【目的】 研究新疆昭苏地区伊犁马发情周期内卵泡发育变化规律,分析年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马母马卵泡发育的影响,为掌握伊犁马母马卵泡发育规律提供理论依据。【方法】 选取伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏县康苏马业配种站内,同一草场放牧情况下84匹母马作为研究对象监测发情期内卵泡发育,分析对比不同年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马卵泡发育时长的差异性。【结果】 年龄Ⅱ组TF3-F5显著高于年龄Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。年龄Ⅱ组TF4-5显著高于年龄Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。平均高温对TF1-F2具有显著影响(P＜0.05),平均高温Ⅰ组TF1-F2显著高于平均高温Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。平均低温对TF1-F2具有极显著影响(P＜0.01),平均低温Ⅰ组TF1-F2极显著高于平均低温Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)。积温对TF1-F2具有显著影响(P＜0.05),积温Ⅱ组TF1-F2极显著高于积温Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。膘情对TF1-F2、TF3-F4、TF1-F5、TF2-F5、TF3-F5均具有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对TF2-F3具有显著影响(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF1-F2极显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.01)。膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F3显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅲ组TF3-F4极显著低于膘情Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅲ组TF3-F4显著低于膘情Ⅰ组、膘情Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF1-F5极显著高于膘情Ⅱ组、膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅱ组TF1-F5显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F5极显著高于第Ⅲ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F5显著高于膘情Ⅱ组、膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。【结论】 年龄、温度、膘情均一定程度的影响伊犁马母马的卵泡发育,其中膘情对卵泡发育有极显著影响,体况较差可抑制母马卵泡发育。     

Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of baicalein

The main object of this work is to prepare self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of a poorly water-soluble drug, baicalein. SMEDDS is the mixture of surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils, which are emulsified in aqueous media under conditions of gentle agitation or gastrointestinal motility. Solubility of baicalein was determined in various vehicles. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region and droplet size distributions of the resultant microemulsions were determined using a particle size analyzer. Optimized SMEDDS formulations for baicalein were Cremophor RH40 (53.57%) as surfactant, Transcutol P (21.43%) as cosurfactant, and Caprylic capric triglyceride (ODO, 25%) as oil. The drug release rate of SMEDDS was significantly higher than that of the baicalein suspension. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between baicalein-loaded SMEDDS and baicalein suspension was also performed in rats. The plasma concentrations of baicalein and baicalin, its mainly conjugated metabolite, were determined by HPLC method. The in vivo results showed that the absorption of baicalein from SMEDDS resulted in about 200.7% increase in relative bioavailability compared with that of the baicalein suspension. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as baicalein by the oral route.     

甘蓝型油菜种子胎萌发生的影响因子研究

以黄籽油菜‘410’‘456’‘552’和黑籽油菜‘492’为试验材料,采用花期标记、定期采样、形态和生理分析等方法,研究了种子胎萌发生时期、环境对胎萌的影响以及胎萌与种子的形态和相关生理指标的关系。结果表明：4个甘蓝型油菜品种种子胎萌发生在种胚充实阶段(花后27～36 d左右),初始胎萌率为2.44%～3.90%,胎萌发生时期越早的品种的胎萌率越高;种子千粒质量与胎萌率呈显著或极显著正相关(r为0.84～0.97),含水量与胎萌率呈极显著负相关(r为–0.93～–0.98);种胚充实初期高温高湿的外部环境、较薄的种皮及相对较高的脂肪酶活性、可溶性糖含量、呼吸强度均易导致种子胎萌的发生,而种子电导率、总糖含量与胎萌率的相关性不显著。     

大面积用材林代化栽培模式技术

林业生产要达到当今经济技术条件下最大限度的速生、丰产、优质、高效稳定和持续，不仅要有良种壮苗，还要做好造林地调查与规划，做到适地适树、适时适法，这是实现林业优化栽培模式的前提与保证；同时，造林树种选择、造林时间、密度确定、种植点配置、栽培方法、林木施肥、营造混交林以及森林保护、造林地设保护带、造林地留栽补植苗，这一系列均是用材林优化栽培模式的重要技术措施。     

Detecting and quantifying marijuana metabolites in serum and urine of 19 dogs affected by marijuana toxicity

Veterinarians diagnose marijuana toxicity based on clinical signs and history, or in conjunction with an over-the-counter (OTC) human urine drug screen. With the legalization of recreational marijuana use becoming more prevalent in the United States, a more accurate test to aid in the diagnosis of canine marijuana toxicity is needed. We collected urine and serum samples from 19 dogs with confirmed or suspected marijuana toxicosis from multiple veterinary hospitals and analyzed them with a novel UPLC-MS/MS method. Calibrations from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL and QC materials were prepared. Samples were extracted, purified, and eluted with solid-phase extraction. Urine samples were tested with an OTC human urine drug screen. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranges for marijuana metabolites in serum were 0.05–0.25 ng/mL and 0.1–0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In urine, the LOD and LLOQ ranges for the metabolites were 0.05–0.1 ng/mL and 0.1–0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In serum, median and range of metabolite concentrations (ng/mL) detected included: THC, 65.0 (0.14–160); 11-OH-Δ⁹-THC, 4.78 (1.15–17.8); 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC, 2.18 (0.71–7.79); CBD, 0.28 (0.11–82.5); and THC-glucuronide, 2.05 (0.72–18.3). In the 19 urine samples, metabolite: creatinine (ng: mg) values detected included: THC, 0.22 (0.05–0.74); 11-OH-Δ⁹-THC, 0; 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC, 1.32 (0.16–11.2); CBD, 0.19 (0.12–0.26); THC-COOH-glucuronide, 0.08 (0.04–0.11); and THC-glucuronide, 0.98 (0.25–10.7). Twenty of 21 urine samples tested negative for THC on the urine drug screen. All 19 serum samples contained quantifiable concentrations of THC using our novel UPLC-MS/MS method. Utilizing a UPLC-MS/MS method can be a useful aid in the diagnosis of marijuana toxicosis in dogs, whereas using an OTC human urine drug test is not a useful test for confirming marijuana exposure in dogs because of the low concentration of THC-COOH in urine.     

苹果黄蚜抗药性快速测定方法初探

为了探索苹果黄蚜的抗药性快速测定方法,以玻璃管为载体,采用药膜法对苹果黄蚜常用药剂吡虫啉和高效氯氟氰菊酯进行了抗性诊断剂量的研究.以2种药剂对苹果黄蚜敏感品系的毒力为基础,同时设置了多个备选剂量,通过室内毒力和防治试验进行准确性测定,并采用不同田间种群进行了验证,旨在为苹果黄蚜抗药性的快速评估和科学选药提供一定科学依据.结果 表明,2种药剂LC90、LC99、2×LC90、4×LC904个备选剂量对苹果黄蚜的校正死亡率与理论死亡率均差异较小;室内防治试验的结果是吡虫啉4个剂量、高效氯氟氰菊酯4×LC90剂量2～3 d防治效果分别达89.2％～ 100％和90.9％～93.9％;以苹果黄蚜敏感品系相应LC90和4×LC90值分别作为吡虫啉和高效氯氟氰菊酯的诊断剂量,测得山西运城、山西晋中、陕西咸阳和山东栖霞田间种群死亡率分别为58.2％ ～ 89.5％和8.34％ ～ 58.73％,获得的死亡率趋势与用浸叶法测定抗性结果趋势一致.以玻璃管药膜法获得的两诊断剂量可以快速评估苹果黄蚜田间种群对吡虫啉和高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗药性.     

大豆收获机发展研究

我国专用于大豆的联合收割机品种较少.阐述大豆收获机的种类及各自的特点,介绍大豆收获机的技术要点,分析存在的问题,提出解决建议,为使用者提供技术参考.     

自动清粪机器人路径规划方法的研究与实现

自动清粪机器人的工作环境复杂,不仅有静态障碍物(如牛栏),且动态障碍物众多(如人和牲畜等)。为此,提出了一种基于行为方法的路径规划法。该方法非常适合于动态环境下机器人的运动规划,其原理简单、计算快捷、容易实现。根据该算法,确立了一套完整的软件系统和设计方案,并在此基础上制造出了样机。经过样机在奶牛养殖场的工作和测试,验证了该方法的实时性、准确性和可操作性。     

水稻机械化新技术在丹东地区的应用

丹东地区是辽宁水稻的主产区,在农村劳动力短缺问题日益突出的情况下,水稻机械化装备有了用武之地.从育苗、整地、插秧、施肥等环节,介绍丹东地区正在推广应用的一批水稻机械化装备,为水稻全程机械化目标的实现提供技术保障.     

马蔺种子萌发特性的研究

马蔺种子休眠是由于胚被厚实的胚乳紧紧包围所致。室内萌发及田间出苗实验证实，温度和水份是种子萌发的主导因素。除此之外，北京地区干籽预浸，即在25～30℃中吸胀1～2d，并于6～7月播种，田间萌发效果最佳。