多刺裸腹溞的精子发生

应用组织学方法和电镜技术,研究了多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)的精子发生、成熟精子的形态以及雄性生殖系统的结构特征。多刺裸腹溞雄性生殖系统包括1对精巢、1对输精管和1个生殖孔。精巢壁薄,由电子密度不同的2层结缔组织膜组成。生殖孔位于尾爪底部,其周围无类似交媾器等其他附属结构。多刺裸腹溞的精子发生经历精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞和成熟精子4个主要时期。精原细胞呈椭圆形,核染色质较分散,细胞质中分布着大量的粗面内质网和游离的核糖体。精母细胞由于挤压呈多角形,细胞核为椭圆形,核基质和染色质分别位于细胞核的一侧,细胞质中存在少量的线粒体,内质网呈片层状。精子细胞向精子分化,形态上纵向拉长,细胞核也纵向伸长;细胞质中线粒体数量增多,个体增大,且部分线粒体内嵴溶解,形成空泡状的衍生物;内质网大量发生。成熟精子弯曲成棒形,细胞核变小,呈圆形,位于精子的中央。扫描电镜观察显示,精子外表面光滑无附属结构。在整个精子发生过程中,细胞核双层核膜结构完整且清晰。此外在精巢中还存在巨大细胞。     

Effects of dietary proline on growth,physiology, biochemistry and TOR pathway-related gene expression in juvenile spotted drum Nibea diacanthus

Fisheries Science - Amino acids can act as signaling molecules in protein synthesis and animal growth by regulating several genes in the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. An 8-week feeding trial...     

Effect of hydroxyproline supplementation on growth performance,body composition,amino acid profiles,blood‐biochemistry and collagen synthesis of juvenile chu's croaker (Nibea coibor)

Hydroxyproline (Hyp) may play an important role in collagen metabolism, as it is almost exclusively found in collagen. To examine this possibility, a 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded supplementaries of Hyp (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg dry diet weight) on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition and collagen synthesis of chu's croaker, Nibea coibor (13.6 ± 0.28 g). The growth performance and feed utilization were improved with increased levels of dietary Hyp, reaching a maximum at 5 g/kg (diet H2) followed by a slight decrease. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) was attained at 7.177 g/kg dietary Hyp. Increasing levels of Hyp did not affect body composition of juvenile Nibea coibor. However, dietary Hyp supplementation significantly affected the levels of Leu, Ile, Met, Lys, Ser, Glu and Pro in muscle and the levels of Met, Lys, Glu, Pro and Gly in swim bladder. The serum calcium (SC) level decreased significantly with increasing levels of dietary Hyp. However, the triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (T‐CH) levels in serum and liver were relatively stable. Importantly, the acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) and total collagen (TC) levels in swim bladder increased significantly initially and then decreased after reaching a maximum. Polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum TC level in swim bladder was attained at 9.736 g/kg of dietary Hyp. Collectively, these results suggest that the appropriate provision of hydroxyproline is essential for maximal collagen synthesis and growth.     

3种植物免疫诱抗剂对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用

为明确植物免疫诱抗剂对番茄灰霉菌的抑菌效果,选用3%氨基寡糖素水剂、0.5%几丁聚糖水剂和1%香菇多糖水剂3种常规植物免疫诱抗剂,分别配制高、中、低3个浓度,采用含药培养基的方法开展室内抑菌试验,明确3种植物免疫诱抗剂相应最佳抑菌浓度后,在番茄生育期开展田间诱导抗灰霉病试验。室内抑菌试验结果表明：3种植物免疫诱抗剂均可抑制番茄灰霉菌的生长,其中,1%香菇多糖水剂对番茄灰霉病菌具有较好的速效性和持效性,1%香菇多糖水剂20倍液接菌1d后的抑菌率为36.1%,4d后抑菌率为67.43%;3%氨基寡糖素水剂抑菌效果次之,3%氨基寡糖素水剂100倍液接菌1d后抑菌率为22.1%;0.5%几丁聚糖水剂抑菌效果相对较低,抑菌率维持在0.0%～14.3%。田间诱导抗病试验结果表明：0.5%几丁聚糖水剂200倍液对番茄灰霉病具有较好的诱抗效果,连续施用4次后,番茄灰霉病防效达61.83%。     

冬青新品种‘大别山冬青1号’

‘大别山冬青1号’是从大别山冬青（Ilex dabieshanensis）实生苗中选育出的新品种。树皮灰白色,平滑;叶片亮绿色具光泽,卵状长圆形或椭圆形,具4 ~ 8对刺齿;花黄绿色,花期在3—4月;果球形,成熟时呈鲜红色,挂果期10月至次年2月。抗寒性强,耐盐碱性好,生长旺盛,扦插易成活。     

Effects of water and nitrogen addition on vegetation carbon pools in a semi-arid temperate steppe

Global change will lead to increases in regional precipitation and nitrogen(N) deposition in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. We investigated the responses of vegetation carbon(C) pools to simulated precipitation and N deposition increases through field experiments in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The treatments included NH_4NO_3 addition at concentrations of 0(CK), 5(LN, low nitrogen), 10(middle nitrogen, MN), and 20(HN,high nitrogen)(g m~(-2)a~(-1)) with and without water. After three consecutive years of treatment, from 2010 to 2012,water addition did not significantly change the size of the total vegetation C pools, but it significantly decreased the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.05) relative to controls. By contrast, N addition significantly increased the total vegetation C pools. The C pools in the LN, MN and HN treatments increased by 22, 39 and 44 %, respectively. MN produced the largest effect among the N concentrations,although differences between N-added treatments were not significant(P [ 0.05). N addition significantly reduced the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.03). However, there were no significant interactive effects of water and N addition on the vegetation C pools.     

根瘤菌接种方式对复播大豆生长及结瘤的影响

[目的]研究不同根瘤菌接种方式对复播大豆生长及结瘤效果.[方法]以前期分离、鉴定、纯化的3株根瘤菌菌株为材料,对新疆南疆地区复播大豆新大豆8号进行种肥、随水滴施、拌种等接种方式试验,测定其根瘤数、根瘤干重、植株性状、产量及其构成因素的变化.[结果]接种根瘤菌均能促进大豆根系结瘤和生长发育,根瘤菌SN7-2促进效果最明显...     

用SRAP标记鉴定落羽杉属植物杂种

落羽杉属(Taxodium)植物为杉科(Taxodiaceae)落叶或半常绿性乔木,该属有3个种,分别是落羽杉(T.distichum)、池杉(T.ascendens)和墨西哥落羽杉(可简称为墨杉)(T．mucronatum).     

寒冷地区沥青面层低温反射裂缝成因分析及防治

论述了黑龙江省高寒地区沥青混凝土低温反射裂缝形成的原因和机理及其防治,重点对结构层的施工工艺、材料选择、裂缝的防止措施进行了阐述。     

Effects of biochar on Cd and Pb mobility and microbial community composition in a calcareous soil planted with tobacco

An experiment was conducted with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in a Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil amended with 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w) tobacco stalk biochar (BC). The BC amendment significantly increased organic matter, total C, N, P, and K contents of soil, and the C/N ratio. Bioavailable metal concentrations (DTPA extraction) decreased by increasing BC application rate. The 5.0% BC amendment significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb by 10.4 and 13.6%, respectively. Correspondingly, the bioaccumulation and translocation factors of Cd and Pb also decreased by increasing the BC addition rates and this indicated that BC inhibited the uptake and transfer of both Cd and Pb by tobacco plants. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed that BC increased Chao1 richness, Shannon’s diversity and Simpson’s diversity of bacterial communities of soil. The relative abundance and genera composition of Adhaeribacter, Rhodoplanes, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Candidatus Xiphinematobacter increased under BC treatments, while those of Kaistobacter, Lacibacter, and Pirellula decreased. Overall, BC increased soil nutrients (C, N, P, and K contents), enhanced bacterial diversity indexes and richness, and changed the bacterial community composition, which may all have contributed to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of both Cd and Pb in a calcareous soil.