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101.
Masaru Sakai Yosihiro Natuhara Keitaro Fukushima Ayumi Imanishi Kensuke Imai Makoto Kato 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(2):190-199
Stream macroinvertebrate assemblages are expected to be affected by the abundance and constitution of litter from surrounding forests. We compared forest floor cover, overland flow, stream environment, and stream macroinvertebrate assemblages between the catchments of a Japanese cedar plantation (CP) and a primary deciduous forest (DF). Both systems experience excessive deer browsing. Understory vegetation cover was higher in the DF than in the CP in summer, although cover was low (<20 %), possibly because of excessive deer browsing. Litter cover was much higher in the CP than in the DF in summer as a result of the long abscission period, slow breakdown, and low rate of dispersal of Japanese cedar litter compared to deciduous litter. Monthly overland flow was always lower in the CP than in the DF, and substrate size was smaller in the DF stream. In the CP, cedar litter accumulated in the stream, probably because of its low breakdown rate and morphology, and abundant shredder taxa characterized the macroinvertebrate assemblage. In contrast, abundant burrower taxa characterized the macroinvertebrate assemblage in the DF stream. These results imply that Japanese cedar litter functions in structuring the macroinvertebrate assemblage by supplying persistent food resources for detritivores, and by buffering fine sedimentation via overland flow under excessive deer browsing. 相似文献
102.
Fuyumi Takahashi Hideki Ogiso Masashi Fujinaga Yoshiyuki Ishiyama Yasuhiro Inoue Takashi Shirakawa Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(4):260-269
In October 2010, a bacterial disease produced flecks and spots on leaves of Chinese cabbage, cabbage and Japanese radish in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The symptoms started on the abaxial surface of leaves as angular, water-soaked flecks of 1–2 mm in diameter with a yellow halo of 3–4 mm width. These flecks then became visible on both leaf surfaces, enlarged and coalesced into large blight lesions. The symptoms were similar to bacterial leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. The bacterium isolated from leaf lesions formed a white colony and produced polysaccharides on YP agar. The isolates were identified as P. syringae group by LOPAT tests and the 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the results of pathogenicity on cruciferous plants, bacteriological characteristics, rep-PCR and the sequences of rpoD and gyrB showed that the isolates should be identified as P. cannabina pv. alisalensis (recently transferred from P. syringae pv. alisalensis). This is the first report of P. cannabina pv. alisalensis isolated from diseased crucifers in Japan. 相似文献
103.
Kazutaka Kido Rie Adachi Masaru Hasegawa Kazutaka Yano Yasufumi Hikichi Shigeharu Takeuchi Tae Atsuchi Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):302-312
An internal fruit rot with a malodor was found in netted melons (Cucumis melo L.) in commercial greenhouses in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, in 1998, despite their healthy appearance and lack of water-soaking
or brown spots on the surface. A yellow bacterium was consistently isolated from the affected fruits. To confirm the pathogenicity
of eight representative isolates of the yellow bacterium, we stub-inoculated ovaries (immature-fruits) 5–7 days after artificial
pollination, with a pin smeared with bacteria. After the melon fruits had grown for 60 more days, an internal fruit rot resembling
the natural infection appeared, and the inoculated bacterium was reisolated. The melon isolates had properties identical with
Pantoea ananatis, such as gram-negative staining, facultative anaerobic growth, indole production, phenylalanine deaminase absence, and acid
production from melibiose, sorbitol, glycerol, and inositol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that
the melon bacterium positioned closely with known P. ananatis strains. The melon bacterium had indole acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis genes (iaaM and iaaH) and a cytokinin biosynthesis gene (etz). The bacterium could be distinguished from the other ‘Pantoea’ group strains by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. From these results, the causal agent of internal fruit rot was identified
as a strain of P.ananatis [Serrano in (Philipp J Sci 36:271–305, 1928); Mergaert et al. in (Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:162–173, 1993)].
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ database under accessions AB297969, AB373739, AB373740, AB373741,
AB373742, AB373743 and AB373744. 相似文献
104.
Kirino Y Nakano N Hagio M Hidaka Y Nakamura-Uchiyama F Nawa Y Horii Y 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,158(4):376-379
A 5-year-old male mixed-bred boar-hunting dog with a Plott hound background weighing 23 kg was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Miyazaki, in October 2002. The dog was diagnosed with active infection with the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani by serological testing and also by detection of parasite eggs in his feces. Subsequent examination of four other dogs working with this dog as a boar-hunting team revealed that all five dogs were infected with P. westermani. 相似文献
105.
Fuminori Kobayashi Tsuyoshi Tanaka Hiroyuki Kanamori Jianzhong Wu Yuichi Katayose Hirokazu Handa 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):213-225
A core collection of Japanese wheat varieties (JWC) consisting of 96 accessions was established based on their passport data and breeding pedigrees. To clarify the molecular basis of the JWC collection, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses using these SNP data revealed the genetic diversity and relationships among the JWC accessions, classifying them into four groups; “varieties in the Hokkaido area”, “modern varieties in the northeast part of Japan”, “modern varieties in the southwest part of Japan” and “classical varieties including landraces”. This clustering closely reflected the history of wheat breeding in Japan. Furthermore, to demonstrate the utility of the JWC collection, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for three traits, namely, “days to heading in autumn sowing”, “days to heading in spring sowing” and “culm length”. We found significantly associated SNP markers with each trait, and some of these were closely linked to known major genes for heading date or culm length on the genetic map. Our study indicates that this JWC collection is a useful set of germplasm for basic and applied research aimed at understanding and utilizing the genetic diversity among Japanese wheat varieties. 相似文献
106.
Kyoko Suzuki Tsutomu Suzuki Yukio Takahashi Mitsuhiro Okimoto Tetsuo Yamada Noriyasu Okazaki Yuichi Shimizu Masashi Fujiwara 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(1):60-68
The yields and properties of oil and gas fractions coproduced during carbonization of larch wood loaded with Ni 2%, Ni 2%+Ca
1%, and Ni 4% and without catalyst (None) at 700°–900°C were examined to clarify the catalytic effect in terms of conversion
into fluid fuels. The net calorific value of oil occurred mainly below 500°C and increased in the order None < Ni 2% < Ni
4% < Ni 2%+Ca 1%, while the yield decreased in this order. The same order held for the production of gases enriched with hydrogen
at 500°–700°C. Even above 800°C, markedly promoted evolution of hydrogen took place for all catalyst systems. These observations
confirmed the effectiveness of nickel-catalyzed carbonization at 900°C, particularly Ni 2%+Ca 1%, for both upgrading of oil
and gaseous fractions, although the quality of oil was not satisfactory. The catalysis of nickel with and without calcium
is discussed on the basis of the modified Broid-Shafizadeh scheme, and the scheme was altered to adapt to the high temperature
region where oil was no longer produced.
Part of this study was presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the Japan Institute of Energy, Suita, August 2005, and at the
18th Symposium, Session D, of the Materials Research Society of Japan, Tokyo, December 2007 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Yuichi Yamaura Hitoshi Tojo Yasumasa Hirata Kenichi Ozaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(4):298-305
It is important to conserve forest-dependent organisms not only in broadleaved forests but also in plantation forests. We
examined how surrounding forest areas affect forest bird assemblages inhabiting conifer plantations and broadleaved forests
in a rural landscape in central Japan. Surrounding forest areas were measured separately as plantation area and broadleaved
forest area within 200 m of each sampling site. We used hierarchical partitioning to analyze the effects of surrounding forest
areas and stand structures (stand height and understory coverage) on the occurrence of four species groups. We especially
focused on mature forest users that are most sensitive to loss of broadleaved forests. Occurrence of mature forest users inhabiting
plantation sites was positively affected both by plantation area and broadleaved forest area whereas the occurrence of mature
forest users inhabiting broadleaved forests was affected by stand height only. These results suggest that surrounding forest
areas were more important to mature forest users in plantations than in broadleaved forests. To conserve mature forest users,
increasing surrounding forest areas are important in plantations whereas increasing stand heights would be effective in broadleaved
forests. 相似文献
110.
Yuichi Iwasaki Takashi Kagaya Ken-ichi Miyamoto Hiroyuki Matsuda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):145-158
We conducted a field survey in Japanese streams and rivers to generate useful information about whether the Japanese water
quality standard for zinc (Zn) in the freshwater environment (30 μg/L) is over- or underprotective of the populations and
communities of lotic benthic macroinvertebrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations were reduced and community characteristics
were altered at two polluted sites with Zn concentrations above 1,000 μg/L as compared with control sites with Zn concentrations
below 30 μg/L. In contrast, at least one site among three polluted sites with Zn concentrations of 80–126 μg/L experienced
noncritical effects (i.e., no significant difference was observed between the sample mean at a polluted site and that at the
control sites, and the sample mean was within the minimum–maximum range of those at the control sites) for most of the ten
community metrics for diversity and abundance. In addition, the abundances of 95% of the dominant taxa were not always significantly
lower at more than one polluted site (Zn concentrations, ≥80 μg/L). Our results suggest that Zn concentrations below approximately
100 μg/L are likely to protect most aspects of richness and abundance of the riverine macroinvertebrate communities in the
study areas. This study shows a case that the Japanese Zn standard is likely overprotective of the macroinvertebrate populations
and communities. 相似文献