黄土丘陵区不同树龄旱作枣园细根空间分布特征

以黄土丘陵区2、6、10、15龄旱作枣林(Ziziphus jujube cv.Junzao)为研究对象,采用根钻法,距树干0.5、1、1.5 m处、分层(0.2 m)钻取土样,分析了旱作枣林细根随树龄的变化特征。结果表明:随着枣林树龄增大,枣林细根根长密度增加,比根长减小;2龄枣树细根主要分布于径向1.5 m以内和垂向1.6 m以上,10、15龄枣树细根分布超过径向1.5 m和垂向3 m以上,并在株间形成根系高密度区,6龄枣树细根径向分布范围大于2龄,垂向分布与10龄和15龄接近;不同树龄枣林细根根长密度均随土层深度增加而减小,且主要集中在0~0.6 m土层中;随着树龄增加,细根根长密度径向分布无差异(10、15龄)。研究表明:2、6龄枣林应靠近树干地表处施肥,而理论上成熟期10、15龄枣林可在林内任意位置施肥;同时为防止枣林减产和退化,需增加枣林管理措施以有效降低枣树自身奢侈性耗水和非生产性耗水。     

一株鸭新城疫强毒的分离鉴定和分子特性分析

从山东地区发病鸭中分离到一株新城疫病毒(SDLP09),经测定,其鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)、鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)、1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)、6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)分别为107.84/0.1 mL、48.5 h、1.80、2.36,表明该新城疫病毒为强毒.通过分析其融合蛋白(F)发现,F蛋白多肽裂解位点为112RRQKRF117,符合NDV强毒株裂解位点氨基酸序列.F基因分型及氨基酸同源性比较发现,SDLP09株属于基因Ⅶ型,与野鸭源强毒NDV同源性更高,提示着该毒株可能来源于野鸭.     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

基于整枝抚育目的的立木枝干自动识别研究

为了适应我国人工工业用材林自动化整枝抚育的需要，该文提出一种用于工业用材林自动整枝的立木枝干动态识别系统框架，对人工林侧柏的枝干进行了数字图像采集及处理，利用计算机视觉、图像处理、小波分析技术对图像进行压缩、滤波、分割、消噪及边缘特征提取.同时提出了一种立木枝干计算机自动识别算法，提取立木图像枝干形状、尺寸、弯曲度及相对空间位置关系基本生长特征，即利用模式识别技术验算其与特征数据库的匹配情况，从而达到立木枝干自动识别的目的，为后续的自动识别研究提供了依据.      

添加玉米粉对馒头品质的影响

为了选择玉米淀粉的最佳添加工艺,使馒头品质得到改善,进行了三因素三水平实验。A因素为玉米淀粉添加量,三水平为15%,20%,25%;B因素为发酵时间,三水平为2.5,3.0,3.5 h;C因素为加水量,三水平为50%,53%,55%。正交分析显示三因素中对馒头感官评价的影响为A>B>C,即玉米淀粉添加量>发酵时间>加水量。所以在实际生产中,应控制好玉米淀粉添加量,确保馒头品质的显著提高。     

Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors

Historical forest fire records from Alaska State (1950–2000), California State (1895-2001), USA and Heilongjiang Province (1980–1999), China were used to calculate the longitude and latitude of the annual burned area’s centroids for these regions. Fluctuation phenomena by year were analyzed using spectrum analysis. The results show that centroids of burned areas in these three regions are in a fluctuating condition that encircles the distribution center. The distribution centers are 151.11°W, 64.96°N in Alaska State, 120.02°W, 37.11°N in California State and 127.07°E, 49.59°N in Heilongjiang Province, respectively. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in longitude has obvious periodicity, and the periodicities are 4.2 years, 6.25 years in Alaska State and 6.24 years, 106 years in California State. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Heilongjiang Province has a periodicity both in longitude and latitude, and the periodicities are both 3.3 years, 6.67 years. Fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in latitude does not have periodicity, and big forest fires with low frequencies predominate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 89–103 [译自: 林业科学]     

花椒林地不同地面覆盖的水热效应研究

花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)为芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,是重要的调味品、香料及木本油料树种。我国花椒主产于四川、甘肃、陕西、山东、河北、河南等省,栽培历史悠久(曾京京,2000)。花椒耐干旱瘠薄,根系发达,表层根系密度大,水平根的分布大于冠幅3~4倍(余晓林,2003),因而是山区生态造林的重要树种。近年来,在退耕还林项目中被列为生态经济树种,在发展山区经济中发挥了重要作用(魏玉君等,1996;何腾兵等,2000)。研究(李洪钵等,1991;曹彬等,2002)表明,通过施肥、整形修剪等措施可提高花椒的产量。然而,目前花椒园土壤管理中仍…     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.