白菜型冬油菜类甜蛋白的筛选、克隆及其在低温胁迫下的表达

类甜蛋白是一种能在低温胁迫下诱导表达,增强植物抗逆性的关键蛋白质。本研究运用双向电泳结合质谱技术,筛选低温胁迫下陇油7号叶片差异蛋白点,从中分离出与抗寒密切相关的类甜蛋白。根据已发表植物类甜蛋白基因TLP的保守序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR扩增陇油7号的DNA,获得TLP基因开放阅读框,长度为732 bp,编码243个氨基酸的蛋白质。生物信息学分析显示,与甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)的蛋白质氨基酸序列同源性高达99.18%,该基因在进化上高度保守,其保守序列属于植物的GH69-TLP-SF超家族,TLP相对分子质量和理论等电点分别为26.02 k D和9.15。TLP含有一个信号肽,为亲水性蛋白,亚细胞定位预测其是在内质网中合成的蛋白。二级结构预测表明陇油7号的TLP是由不规则卷曲和延伸链组成的不稳定蛋白。实时荧光定量和半定量分析显示,在适当阈值的低温胁迫下TLP基因表达量上调,表明该基因在白菜型冬油菜陇油7号适应低温胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

Effects of Brewing Conditions on Quality of Pu＇erh Tea Infusion

To brew tea correctly is very important to absorb the tea nutrition for people.The dynamic changes of the main compositions in brewing Pu＇erh tea processing with different conditions were studied.Three different temperatures and eight times were designed to study the effects on the tea infusion quality.The index t0.5 min （50％ concentration of compounds in tea infusion） was used to evaluate the extract speed of compound in this experiment.The results showed that caffeine solubility speed at 80℃ was the highest to compare with tea polyphenols,amino acid,caffeine,soluble sugar,theaflavins and theabrownine,t0.5min of caffeine was 4.8 min,amino acid 10.3min was the second,the third one was tea polyphenols,soluble sugar was the lowest.We also found in different infusion temperature the t0.5min of compounds was distinguishing.With increasing the temperature all t0.5min of six compounds were shorter.However,the change regulations of t0.5min for all compounds in 90℃ and 100℃ were similar to in 80℃.Total quality score （TQS） were applied to evaluate the quality of tea infusion.The results found the TQS score of infusion was higher with the temperature rising,and the temperature to brew best quality infusion was 100℃ for 4-5min.According to the multiple regression analysis between sensory assessments and chemical components of Pu＇erh tea we suggested the TQS was mainly affected by theaflavins,amino acid,soluble sugar and theabrowine four factors in 100℃.     

Cleidbrevoids A-C, new clerodane diterpenoids from Cleidion brevipetiolatum

Three new clerodane-type diterpenoids with a rare sulfoxide group, cleidbrevoids A-C (1-3), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Cleidion brevipetiolatum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and the absolute configuration of compounds 1 and 3 was determined by X-ray analysis. Compound 3 showed weak inhibitory against HIV-1.     

Efficient embryo induction in cucumber ovary culture and homozygous identification of the regenetants using SSR markers

Several factors, i.e. the duration of thermal shock pretreatment at 35 °C, the concentrations of TDZ and the silver nitrate were investigated for their effects on embryo formation in a variety of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) ovary culture. The results showed that a thermal shock for 3 days at 35 °C at the start of the culture resulted in higher frequency of embryo formation than 2 or 4 days. TDZ had a positive effect on the embryo formation. Highest embryo formation frequency (72.7%) was recorded by adding 0.04 mg/L TDZ into the induction medium. The results found that addition of AgNO₃ to induction medium had no significant effect on frequency of embryo formation but shortened embryo sprouting period and improved number of embryos formed in each ovary slice. All the experiment materials responded well to ovary culture, and there were no difference among genotypes used in this study. Among the forty regenerated plants obtained, two were identified as haploid plants (2n = x = 7), five were tetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 28), and the rest were diploid plants. Microsatellite markers (SSR) were used to analyze the homozygosity of the diploid plants, the putative chromosome-doubled haploids. Of the 33 diploid plants, 17 (51.5%) were identified as double haploids. Based on the above results, we have established a useful protocol for production of cucumber doubled haploids with ovary culture.     

不同耕作方式与氮肥类型对夏玉米光合性能的影响

为了探讨不同耕作方式与氮肥类型对夏玉米光合性能的影响及其作用机制,本试验以玉米杂交种郑单958为供试材料,通过快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)及820 nm光吸收等技术,深入研究了玉米花后叶片叶绿素含量、含氮量、气体交换参数、光系统II(PSII)、光系统I(PSI)及二者间的协调性。两年研究结果表明,与常规尿素相比,施用控释尿素均可显著提高玉米花后穗位叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)及后期气孔导度(Gs),明显改善光系统间协调性。与旋耕相比,深松可进一步加强施氮对玉米叶片光合性能的促进作用。控释尿素结合深松可显著提高叶绿素含量及Pn,明显改善叶片PSII反应中心供体侧和受体侧性能,增强电子由PSII向PSI的传递,使花后叶片PSII与PSI间协调性显著增加,有利于产量形成期光合性能稳定。光合性能的提高显著增加了穗粒数和单株籽粒产量,最终提高玉米产量。因此,深松与控释尿素结合可有效地协调PSII与PSI,提高夏玉米光合性能,促进玉米增产。     

青藏高原种植紫穗槐对土壤养分的响应

选取在西藏拉萨地区人工种植的两龄紫穗槐为研究对象,探讨了灌丛内与灌丛外土壤各种形态氮素、全磷、有机碳的含量特征及土壤pH的差异。结果表明,1)相对于灌丛外土壤,灌丛内土壤的全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮分别平均高23.44%,13.95%和37.60%,土壤全磷平均高19.57%,土壤有机碳平均高44.21%,土壤pH值平均低1.69%。2)灌丛内与灌丛外土壤的全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全磷、有机碳、pH均差异显著(P<0.05)。3)垂直方向上,灌丛内和灌丛外在10~20 cm土层的全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全磷均为最高,有机碳和pH则随土层深度增加而递减。4)土壤各营养元素之间表现为不同程度的相关性,土壤有机碳与铵态氮呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与全磷呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);全氮与全磷呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);铵态氮与全磷呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。     

不同产地苦荞籽粒中多酚的组成、分布及抗氧化性比较

【目的】对不同产地的不同品种苦荞中多酚在壳、麸皮和粉中的含量以及多酚含量与抗氧化性的相关性进行比较研究,为苦荞的育种及深度加工利用提供科学依据。【方法】用Folin-酚法测定来自3个省份的17个品种苦荞的壳、麸皮、粉及全谷中的总酚含量,用液相色谱与质谱联用（HPLC/MS）结合串联质谱法（MS/MS）对多酚的成分进行鉴定和定量分析,并用DPPH和ORAC法对不同样品的多酚提取物的抗氧化性进行比较。【结果】Folin-酚法和HPLC法测定结果均表明,苦荞麸皮中的总酚含量最高,按HPLC法测定结果,17个品种苦荞麸皮中总酚平均含量为4 410.23 mg/100 g,分别是壳和粉中总酚平均含量的4.8倍和15.5倍。在所有样品中共鉴定出8个多酚组分,其中芦丁为主要成分,在壳、麸皮和粉中的含量分别为342.55-1758.06 mg/100 g、2 653.84-5 488.55和148.23-542.68 mg/100 g,分别占壳、麸皮和粉的总酚含量的82.13%-90.16%、87.71%-92.09%和80.85%-86.53%。绿原酸只在壳中被检出,而金丝桃苷主要存在于壳和麸皮中。不同产区的不同品种苦荞中多酚的分布及含量差异显著,其中,云南产的苦荞壳中的总酚含量显著低于四川和陕西产的苦荞壳中总酚含量,但麸皮中的总酚平均含量却高于四川产苦荞麸皮中的平均含量,与陕西产苦荞接近。DPPH和ORAC抗氧化性结果均显示,所有苦荞样品麸皮的抗氧化性最高,粉的抗氧化性最低;总的来说,陕西产苦荞的壳、麸皮和粉均具有最高抗氧化性,云南产的苦荞壳和粉的抗氧活性最低,但全谷具有最高的抗氧化活性。【结论】不同产地不同品种苦荞的多酚含量分布及抗氧化活性显著不同,所有样品的DPPH和ORAC抗氧化值均与总酚含量正相关。     

不同形态氮肥与结实期水分胁迫对水稻氮素利用及产量的影响

以杂交籼稻"冈优527"和常规粳稻"农垦57"为材料,设置硫酸铵(铵硝配比100∶0)、硝酸铵(铵硝配比50∶50)、硝酸钠(铵硝配比0∶100)3种形态氮肥及结实期4种水分胁迫处理[土壤水势(ψsoil)分别为0 kPa、25 kPa、50 kPa、75 kPa,持续处理14 d],研究其对水稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响。结果表明:结实期土壤水势在25 kPa时,铵硝比50∶50处理较铵硝比100∶0处理的水稻籽粒产量增加显著,铵态氮比例≥50%时,适当增加硝态氮比例可缓解土壤水分严重不足对产量形成的不利影响。当土壤水势在0~25 kPa范围内适当增加硝态氮肥比例,有利于促进稻株氮素累积,尽管与纯铵态氮处理间未达到显著水平,但与纯硝态氮处理间差异均达到显著水平。土壤水势≤50 kPa时,增加硝态氮产量优势减弱,相反增加铵态氮肥的比例更有利于产量形成。增加铵态氮有利于分蘖盛期前稻株对氮的吸收,但在保证一定铵态氮比例下,适当增加硝态氮有利于加快中、后期对氮素的吸收速度和氮素累积量,为结实期氮素向籽粒转运及提高氮素利用效率提供保证。适度水分胁迫能促进结实期水稻对氮素的吸收,促进结实期干物质累积,提高各器官中营养物质向籽粒运转,进而有利于收获指数的提高。杂交籼稻"冈优527"和常规粳稻"农垦57"对不同形态氮肥与结实期水分胁迫下氮素利用及产量的响应趋势基本一致。     

长毛对虾仔虾对不饱和脂肪酸需求量的初步研究

用正交法对不饱和脂肪酸进行６因素２水平的饲料含量设计，并在对虾营养试验系统中进行饲养实验。结果表明；长毛对虾仔虾的生长率，存活率受不２饱和脂肪酸种类与含量的影响。在本实验条件下，长毛对虾仔虾期Ｃ１６：ｎ，Ｃ１８：ｎ，Ｃ１８；２ｎ，Ｃ１８；３ｎ，Ｃ２０：１－５ｎ和Ｃ２２－２４的最适宜含量分别上饲料的０．２４％，１．４０％，１．８５％，０．４３％，０．７６％和２．２５％。