棉花非叶绿色器官光合能力的差异及与物质生产的关系

在田间条件下,以3个杂交棉品种(鲁棉研25、石杂2号和新陆早43)和2个常规棉花品种(新陆早13和新陆早33)为试验材料,通过两年试验研究了不同类型品种冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官(苞叶、铃壳和茎秆)的群体光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和光合机构电子传递特性,及其与光合物质生产的关系。结果表明,杂交棉石杂2号和新陆早43号非叶绿色器官的群体光合速率显著高于常规棉品种,其中果实(铃壳和苞叶)和茎秆的群体光合速率分别比2个常规棉平均高85.1%和197.6%。叶片的叶绿素含量和实际光化学效率最高,铃壳次之,苞叶和茎秆最小;与常规棉品种相比,杂交棉品种叶片和苞叶的实际光化学效率无显著差异,但铃壳和茎秆的实际光化学效率显著较高;非叶绿色器官光合物质生产能力的提高与其对强光的适应能力和抗光抑制能力关系密切。     

印染废水处理中厌氧处理时间对后续混凝的影响

以含活性染料为主的印染废水为研究对象,将经过厌氧处理后的印染废水与原印染废水分别进行混凝脱色实验,初步探讨了厌氧停留时间对废水后续混凝的影响。实验研究表明,厌氧后出水混凝COD去除率较原水直接混凝去除率有所降低。废水的厌氧停留时间越长,厌氧后出水混凝脱色所需的药剂越少,混凝产生的物化污泥也越少。当停留时间达到18小时以上时,后续混凝较原水直接混凝所需药剂和产污泥量分别减少39%-45%,27%-34%。     

不同激素处理对红火球紫薇组织培养的影响

以红火球紫薇（Lagerstroemia indica ‘Dynamite’）优树嫩枝为外植体,研究了不同浓度激素组合对红火球紫薇组培苗增殖及生根的影响。结果表明,最适腋芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 0.05 mg·L-1,诱导率达72 %。最佳增殖培养基为改良MS+6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1+IBA 0.02 mg·L-1,增殖系数可达4.6,芽高为3.8 cm;生根最适培养基为改良WPM+IBA 0.4 mg·L-1,生根率为98.5%,平均每株苗生根3～4条。炼苗后,移栽于泥炭土+珍珠岩（3:1,V/V）混合基质中,成活率为90%以上。     

洋葱63A细胞质雄性不育与绒毡层的提早衰退有关

细胞质雄性不育（CMS）机理的细胞学研究在许多作物上已有报道，如拟南芥、大豆、水稻、小麦等，但在国内至今未见关于洋葱的此类报道。利用光镜和透射电镜对洋葱不育系63A和保持系63B进行花药发育过程中显微结构和超微结构观察，结果表明，不育花药花粉母细胞时期，花粉母细胞发育正常，花粉囊形状不规则，绒毡层发育迟缓。四分体时期，四分体形成正常，中层严重退化，绒毡层与药室壁完全脱离，细胞质浓缩、空泡化。利用DNA梯度技术发现不育系绒毡层细胞提早发生程序性死亡。小孢子发育时期，小孢子细胞质发生浓缩、降解，绒毡层完全解体。推测不育系小孢子败育与中层、绒毡层提前衰退有关。     

Comparison of lipid content and fatty acid composition between Tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies

A comparison of lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition between Tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies indicates that the lipid content in Tuber fermentation mycelia is higher than that in fruiting bodies. Unsaturated FAs (particularly linoleic acid and oleic acid) were the predominant constituents in total FAs in both Tuber fermentation mycelia and fruiting bodies. A total of 23 FAs, including arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and γ-linolenic acids, were first identified in the Tuber species. A hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the FA profile of fermentation mycelia was quite similar, regardless of Tuber species. However, the FA profile of the fruiting bodies was significantly influenced by its species and habitat environments. Interestingly, the FA profile of the Tuber indicum and Tuber aestivum fruiting bodies was nearly identical to that of the Tuber fermentation mycelia, which partially confirms the similarity between the Tuber fermentation mycelia and the fruiting bodies.     

婚飞对中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王sRNAs表达的影响

【目的】研究中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）性成熟处女蜂王在婚飞过程中sRNAs表达变化。【方法】以中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王为试验材料,通过控制部分蜂王在一定区域飞行,并利用高通量测序的方法检测并分析中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王飞行和未飞行之间的sRNAs表达差异。【结果】飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王均含有丰富的sRNAs,主要分布在22 nt和27—29 nt,但各类sRNA在2种状态的蜂王中分布比例不同;2个文库共有总序列数占2个样品总序列数的92.79%,而且飞行蜂王中的sRNAs种类比未飞行蜂王多;与已知miRNA比对分析,发现飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王有25个极显著差异表达miRNA,其中只有ame-miR-750在飞行蜂王中上调,其它24个极显著差异表达miRNA在飞行蜂王中下调;有19个差异表达miRNA所对应的11个靶基因在飞行蜂王和未飞行蜂王之间存在表达差异。【结论】中华蜜蜂性成熟处女蜂王在婚飞过程中,体内大量sRNAs表达发生了变化,可能为性成熟处女蜂王正常交配起着重要的生理调节作用。     

A New Epoxy-cadinane Sesquiterpene from the Marine Brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata

A new epoxy-cadinane sesquiterpene, 4β,5β-epoxycadinan-1β-ol (1), and six known cadinane sesquiterpenes: cadinan-1,4,5-triol (2), 4α,5β-dihydroxycubenol (3), cubenol (4), cadinan-3-ene-1,5-diol (5), cubenol-3-one (6), and torreyol (7), were isolated from a sample of marine brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata collected off the coast of Yantai (China). Their structures were established by detailed MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparison with literature data.