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91.
A novel synthesis of methyl 6-acetylsalicylate as a key synthetic intermediate for methyl 2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-6-[1-(methoxyimino)ethyl]benzoate (KIH-6127) was studied, and directed at 6-substituted pyrimidin-2-yl salicylate herbicides and their analogues. Three synthetic approaches were successful: a modification of the Sandmeyer reaction of 6-acetylanthranilate (Method A), a direct ring-opening reaction of 3-methylphthalide using potassium permangamate and magnesium nitrate (Method B), and a regioselective ortho-lithiation of the protected 3-hydroxyacetophenone (Method C). These methods were applicable for the synthesis of various 6-acyl salicylates. 相似文献
92.
Shinji Yamamoto Yoshihiro Wada Yoshiharu Ishikawa Koichi Kadota 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(4):447-450
A newborn Holstein female calf had neoplastic lesions in the skin and within the thoracic and abdominal cavities but not in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, or most lymph nodes. Because the tumor cells were positive for CD79a (B cell marker), CD5 (B-1 cell marker) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (marker for immature lymphoid precursors), a diagnosis of precursor B-1 B cell lymphoma was made. The diagnosis was strongly supported by the fact that B-1 cells can develop in the fetus, unlike B-2 cells, which are produced after birth. The lymphoma was distinct from the typical calf form of lymphoma of B-2 cell origin, which does not express CD5 and is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy and involvement of the bone marrow, blood and spleen. 相似文献
93.
Phalaenopsis flower-stalk buds cultured in vitro show 3 modes of growth: dormant, vegetative and reproductive. The effects of bud position on the stalk, temperature, and benzyladenine (BA) on the mode of bud growth were examined.Flower stalks were cut into 1-node sections, each with 1 bud, and inserted into solid culture medium, top side up. Buds on the upper sections had a tendency to remain dormant regardless of temperature. Sprouting buds placed at 20°C or 25°C showed reproductive growth except for some on the basal sections which grew vegetatively. At 28°C, all buds developed vegetatively independent of their original position on the stalk. The buds on the sections taken from both stalks which had elongated at min 18°C and min 28°C were subcultured; the mode of growth of the cultured buds was not affected by the temperature during flower-stalk elongation but was affected by the subsequent culture temperature.Cultured buds which had remained dormant were stimulated to sprout by addition of BA to the medium. At 5 p.p.m. and above, all buds began to develop, but malformations developed on the leaves of the shoots. All factors considered, BA at 2.5 p.p.m. was found to be the optimum level. The further development of the buds released from dormancy by BA was also affected by the position on the flower stalk and by cultural temperature. 相似文献
94.
Wendakoon SK Ueda Y Imahori Y Ishimaru M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1615-1620
The effect of anaerobic conditions on acetate ester biosynthesis in ripened banana pulp was investigated. Incubation of the pulp in less than 1% O(2) resulted in a significant reduction in the formation of ethyl acetate. Regardless of the presence of a large amount of endogenous ethanol and the remaining exogenous isobutyl alcohol after complete anaerobic incubation with the pulp, the production of acetate ester decreased. The effect of addition of pyruvate, isobutyl alcohol, acetate, and methyl hexanoate on acetate ester formation in 100% N(2) was also investigated. The addition of pyruvate and isobutyl alcohol to the pulp gave lower acetate esters in N(2) than in air, whereas the pulp incubated with acetate and isobutyl alcohol produced more acetate ester in both conditions. Therefore, the lack of acetyl CoA, or more precisely acetate, in the tissue is the main reason for the inhibition of acetate ester formation under anaerobic conditions. The activity of beta-oxidation measured by incubation with methyl hexanoate was detected only in the samples incubated in air. The formation of acetyl CoA, derived from pyruvate through mitochondria and through beta-oxidation, was inhibited by anaerobic conditions, which suggests that mitochondrial activity and/or beta-oxidation are essential for ester biosynthesis. 相似文献
95.
Endo H Kimura J Oshida T Stafford BJ Rerkamnuaychoke W Nishida T Sasaki M Hayashida A Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):277-282
The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of Kra remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient Kra barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of Kra. In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores. 相似文献
96.
Iwata A Yamamoto A Fujino M Sato I Hosokawa-Kanai T Tuchiya K Ishihama A Sokawa Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(6):721-724
Most animal cells that are exposed to interferon (IFN) experience an increase in the activity of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), which is an important effector of IFN's antiviral action. OAS activity has been widely used in clinical chemistry as an indicator of IFN activity. In this study, we found that OAS activity in canine serum is 46.0 +/- 40.4 nmol/dl/hr, which is 10- to 100-fold higher than in other animals such as the cat (1.9 +/- 2.1), rabbit (4.0 +/- 1.1), and guinea pig (0.3 +/- 0.6). The canine OAS protein was detected by Western blotting using a 68M-10 monoclonal anti-murine OAS antibody, and was found to be composed of at least three distinct molecular species of p40 class OAS. Among these, the 40 and 42 kDa components were determined to be the major species in serum and fibroblast cell lines, respectively. 相似文献
97.
Yoshihiro Kishigami DVM Arata Yoshizaki DVM Daisuke Saito DVM Hirokazu Seo DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(1):9-18
In conventional radiography systems, it is apparent that only the area immediately around the central x-ray beam can be evaluated accurately. Consequently in some instances, spinal radiography for example, several exposures are needed at various points along the body to create an accurate image for diagnosis. However, if the film and body part are in a concave shape such that the radius of the curve is equal to the film focal distance, the x-ray beam will penetrate the body and strike the film at two-dimensionally right angles in all areas. Using the spine as an example we found the curved technique had three major advantages over the traditional flat technique: lack of distortion, more uniform beam intensity due to a constant focal film distance, and improved resolution at the periphery of the radiograph because of lack of a cross over effect. It was concluded that an accurate evaluation of larger body parts can be made with minimal distortion utilizing the principles of a curved table technique. 相似文献
98.
Seishiro Taki Yoshihiro Nobori Maximo Larry Lopez Caceres 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):226-232
We derived a formula for estimating the relationship between stem carbon weight and stem volume, which was calculated from DBH and tree height using a combination of stem analysis and soft X-ray densitometry. The results indicate carbon weight in a 33-year-old coastal Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) forest is approximately 68,186 kg ha?1 in Yamagata Prefecture and 38,253 kg ha?1in a 42-year-old black pine forest in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Also, age-related changes in the stem density following oven-drying of samples of black pine trees are small: the oven-dried density (hereafter “density”) of black pine trees in the two locations mentioned above were 425.6 (kg m?3) and 523.2 (kg m?3) respectively, which is comparable to the density (converted from basic density) of black pine of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) (533 kg m?3). When compared with the carbon weight by the oven-dried density of LULUCF, the carbon weights calculated from each density were 27 % lower in Yamagata and 6 % lower in Hokkaido. This difference directly affects carbon weight for large-scale estimation and thus can create an error at a regional scale. This methodology can contribute to the management of forests acting as carbon sinks. 相似文献
99.
Kaoru NISHINE Hiroshi AOKI Yoshihiro SAKODA Akio FUKUSHO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1635-1639
Field isolates of BVDV which do not show the exaltation of Newcastle disease virus (END)
phenomenon (END–) are rarely reported. In this study, 45 BVDV field isolates
from cattle in Hokkaido prefecture in Japan were analyzed by the reverse plaque formation
method, the END method and observation of cytopathic effects. END– virus was
detected in 34 of 45 isolates (75.6%), although 35 of 45 field isolates contained END
phenomenon positive virus as the predominant virus population. We propose that
END– viruses are widely distributed in the field and that it is possible that
the mixture of biologically distinct BVDV correlates with the appearance of disease in
infected animals. 相似文献