不同饲养制度和方式对银香鸡肉用性状的影响

用不同饲养方式和制度管理银香鸡。结果，在饲养期中的舍饲鸡的饲料报酬高；放出运动鸡的鸡肉味道较好。本研究三种制度中，以前期(1～45d)圈养、后期(46～100d)放出运动综合效果相对较好。     

磷镁促释基质养分释放特性及种植效果

选用4种促释材料(W、Y、QW、FS)对磷矿粉、轻烧氧化镁混合物进行活化处理,配制促释材料含量分别为3%、5%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型促释磷镁草花基质,通过淋溶试验、盆栽试验研究水溶性磷、镁素释放特性以及对夏堇(Torenia fournieri)、本地长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生长及开花的影响。结果显示,促释材料W、Y、QW、FS对磷矿粉均表现出良好的促释效果,磷镁促释基质水溶性磷淋溶总量较不添加促释磷镁显著增加了15.42%~27.10%(P0.05);添加4种促释材料对水溶性镁总量释放效果均不显著(P0.05)。促释磷镁W-Ⅰ不仅增加了夏堇开花数量,同时对本地长春花的冠幅增长、分枝以及地上部生物量积累有促进作用;FS-Ⅱ则有利于夏堇地上部生物量的积累;Y-Ⅰ则对夏堇、本地长春花生长无促进作用。综合考虑,草花基质添加促释磷镁W-Ⅰ、FS-Ⅱ应用效果最好,其最适添加比例分别为3.09、3.16 kg·m-3。     

植物根系生长的三维可视化模拟

利用模拟植物形态结构的L系统理论结合计算机图形学方法建立了模拟植物根系生长的三维可视化模拟系统。并利用随机参数L系统方法对豆科作物根系的生长过程进行了模拟。     

A comparative study of mangrove ? oras in China and India

Species compositions in the mangrove habitats of China and India, especially on Hainan Island (China) and on the Sundarbans and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (India), are of interest, showing several similarities and differences. The total mangrove areas of India cover about 6419 km 2 with 43 species (23 major and 20 minor species), while the mangrove areas of China cover about 150 km 2 with 26 speices (19 major and 7 minor speices). We carried out a comparison of mangrove floras in the Indian Sundarbans, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and in Hainan Island. The mangrove areas of the Indian Sundarbans comprise about 66.5% of the total Indian mangroves, presently covering an area of 4267 km 2 with 35 species from 22 genera and 16 families. There are 34 species from 17 genera and 13 families in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Hainan Island is considered a distribution center of mangroves; it has the largest number of mangrove species in China, i.e., 25 species from 15 genera and 12 families, accounting for about 96% of the total number of mangrove species in China. The mangroves of Hainan Island and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands belong to island types, while those of Sundarbans belong to inter-tidal deltaic types. Differences in soil type, rainfall, temperature, tidal fluctuation and other climatic features possibly cause variations in floristic composition of these regions.     

进口越南屠宰用活猪重大动物疫病传入风险评估

为分析进口越南屠宰用活猪传入重大动物疫病的风险,探讨进口越南屠宰用活猪的可行性,参照世界动物卫生组织以及澳大利亚、新西兰等的进口风险分析技术,采用定性评估方法,开展非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种进境一类重大动物疫病传入释放评估、接触发生评估和后果评估。评估认为,非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等疫病具有高传入风险,可随活猪引进病原体,并且能够对我国养猪业产生不利影响,因此目前不能接受其进口。针对高传入风险,需要制定严格的降低疫病传入风险管理措施,包括严格产地要求、加强境外预检、指定口岸入境、强化隔离检疫、建立生物隔离区。本研究对我国动物产品进口贸易政策及检疫措施的制定提供了有力参考。     

柱花草根际土著根瘤菌的丰度及其遗传多样性

为研究我国柱花草根际土著根瘤菌在不同生态环境土壤中的丰度及其遗传多样性,分别在海南、广西、广东、云南、四川等柱花草的主要分布区域采集土样及根瘤,通过MPN法测定得到各种土壤中土著根瘤菌的丰度,并从采集的根瘤中分离获得的55份根瘤菌菌株进行16SrDNA全序列分析,与相关参比菌株的16SrDNA序列进行比对及聚类。结果表明,我国柱花草主要种植区域土著根瘤菌含量差异较大,每克干土中含量为0.7×102～7.5×106个,海南儋州区域的含量最高,广东湛江南亚所区域的含量最低;所分离出的菌株都属慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium sp.),在系统发育树上聚合为8大类群,初步确定55株柱花草根瘤菌的亲缘关系及分类地位。     

浅析我国农业节水灌溉技术研究及进展

中国是世界上人均水资源占有量最贫乏的13个国家之一,水是农业的命脉,水资源的严重不足,使我国农业发展面临非常大的挑战.发展节水灌溉技术是我国未来农业发展的一项重大战略决策,也是坚持绿色发展理念的必然选择.为了解我国农业节水灌溉技术现状和研究进展,本文通过综合分析国内外节水灌溉技术现状,梳理我国目前主要的节水灌溉工程技术...     

Characterization of bacteriophage HN48 and its protective effects in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae infections

Streptococcus agalactiae is a causative agent responsible for massive mortalities of tilapia that has led to catastrophic losses to tilapia culture globally. Bacteriophages represent a new class of antimicrobials against bacteria. In this study, we characterized the bacteriophage HN48, which formed small and round‐transparent plaques on a double‐layer plate. With a hexagonal head and a long tail, this phage may belong to the Caudovirales according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. HN48 was found to have a relatively wide and highly specific host range, to be sensitive to high temperature (60–80°C) and low pH (3–5), and to be relatively stable at alkaline pH (8–10). Intraperitoneal injection with HN48 had no adverse effects on tilapia and effectively inactivated the bacteria in the kidney. Fish that received phage therapy had 60% ± 3.3% survival rates and a delayed mean death time of about 3 days when compared to the control group. To the best of knowledge, this is the first study of tilapia streptococcal phage. Overall, the results indicated that phage HN48 could prevent tilapia from experimental S. agalactiae infection, suggesting it has the potential to control this disease.     

Protective immune responses of recombinant outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpK of Aeromonas hydrophila in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Gram‐negative bacteria have been proven to be efficient subunit vaccines against bacteriosis. In this study, OmpF and OmpK of Aeromonas hydrophila were expressed, and their immune protective effects in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were evaluated. The genomic DNA of A. hydrophila 322A was used as a template, and two kinds of prokaryotic expression plasmids, pET‐32a‐OmpF and pET‐32a‐OmpK, were constructed. Recombinant OmpF protein (r‐OmpF) and r‐OmpK were purified and were proven to have antigenicity by Western‐blot analysis. r‐OmpF and r‐OmpK were used as immunogens to immunize European eel by intraperitoneal injection. The mRNA expression of 6 immune‐related genes (IgM, IL‐10, IRF3, IRF7, LysG4 and HexB) in the liver tissues of eels at 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr and 10 days postimmunization was analysed by real‐time PCR. At 30 dpi, the serum antibody response was measured by ELISA. Fish were attacked at 15 dpi by live 322A to assess the protective immunity of r‐OmpF and r‐OmpK. All the six tested genes responded to r‐OmpF or r‐OmpK vaccination at varying degrees. The serum antibody titre of r‐OmpF‐ and r‐OmpK‐immunized groups was 1:1,600 and 1:3,200 respectively. In addition, r‐OmpF gave 35.5% of the relative immune protection rate to European eels, while r‐OmpK gave 70.0%. By analysing the protective immunity and the regulatory role in the immune‐related gene expression of the two recombinant proteins that were studied, it was found that r‐OmpK was a potential vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila.