哺乳动物的婚配制度研究

指出了婚配系统是物种的一种基本进化策略。目前动物的婚配制度逐步被视为个体为获得最大生殖成功率而采取的一种普遍的行为,最终婚配制度被定义为动物种群中的个体在特定的环境下获取配偶的一种行为策略。哺乳动物的婚配制度的研究最早始于灵长类动物,经典的婚配制度的类型常常根据交配方式、获得配偶方式和数量等方面的行为特征进行划分为五种主要类型。主要阐述了哺乳动物的婚配制度研究一般情况、影响动物婚配制度的因素、精子竞争与婚配制度和一夫一妻制度中的EPP等四个方面,最终可为动物的婚配制度的研究提供一些基础性材料。     

土地整理潜力评价指标体系初探 ——以重庆市为例

旨在构建完整的土地整理潜力评价指标体系,为土地开发整理规划以及在实施土地整理中确定土地整理重点区域和重点项目奠定基础。分别采用了因果分析法、文献资料法、实证分析法等研究方法,从土地整理的目标、土地整理潜力以及影响因素等分析入手,以重庆市为例,构建了省级层次的耕地整理、农村居民点整理、废弃土地复垦、未利用土地开发潜力评价指标体系。     

不同蛋白质水平对中卫山羊妊娠母羊日粮消化性能的影响

选择体重、年龄相近健康的妊娠母羊30只,随机分为3组。每组10只。采用相同能量水平、不同蛋白质水平的日粮饲养。试验结果表明,在本试验条件下,日粮蛋白质含量以116.57g/d比较有利于中卫山羊妊娠母羊的生长发育。     

Plant diversity of secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China

The effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and plant diversity of secondary forest ecosystems were evaluated based on the classification by site factors in the montane regions of northeastern China. Forty-five sample plots containing 720 sub-plots of overstory species (8 m × 8 m), 1,440 quadrats of understory species (2 m × 2 m), and 1,440 quadrats of herbaceous layer species (1 m × 1 m) were clustered into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) by site variables with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Meanwhile, the disturbance levels corresponding to the five groups were determined according to the factors influencing human disturbances (D0-G2, D1-G1, D2-G3, D3-G5, and D4-G4). Species diversities of overstory, understory, herbaceous layer and overall species were evaluated using species number, Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Simpson index; and β-diversities (Whittaker index, Cody index). Basal area of stands exhibited a decreasing trend along the disturbance level due to a gradual increase in the extraction of timber by the human disturbances. The indices of species diversity suggested that overstory and understory species were distributed evenly among the groups or disturbance levels. There were no absolutely dominant tree species in the secondary forest ecosystems. The differences in site factors and the current disturbance intensities were not intense enough to lead to loose changes in overstory and understory species. The species diversity indices exhibited the maximum values at D3 (G5) for herbaceous layer species; this may suggest that the current disturbance intensities were intense enough to lead the changes of herbaceous layer species. Three rare and endangered species (Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Acanthopanax senticosus) were found within the secondary forests. These rare and endangered species appeared in each clustered group or disturbance level, which suggested that the current disturbance intensity in the study area was not strong enough to influence the distribution of rare and endangered species. The current disturbances in the secondary forests may not lead to a decrease in stability and complexity of the overstory and understory species, but the higher disturbance level may be intense enough to change the habitat fitness for the herbaceous species. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized authors.     

地涌金莲野生与栽培种群遗传多样性RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对采自滇川两省的12个地涌金莲野生和栽培种群进行遗传多样性分析.选择10条随机引物在12个种群中共扩增出88条带,其中多态性带85条,整个种的多态性位点百分比PPB为96.59%,遗传多样性指数H为0.289 0以及Shannon信息指数I为0.441 6.种群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.568 2,即43.18%的遗传变异来自于种群内,56.82%的遗传变异来自于种群间,种群间的遗传分化水平略高于种群内.种群间遗传一致度变化范围为在0.66～0.95之间.聚类结果显示:野生种群之间遗传距离较近,与地理分布基本相一致;栽培种群遗传距离较远,与地理分布不一致.     

玉米二元覆盖农田水分动态及水分利用效率研究

旱地玉米采用垄面覆膜、垄沟覆不同用量麦草的二元覆盖试验结果表明:随麦草覆盖量的增加土壤保墒效果明显;其中0~100cm土层土壤玉米全生育期累积贮水量5250kg/hm2和9750kg/hm2的麦草覆盖处理比垄面覆膜垄沟未覆麦草处理平均增加146.2mm,水分利用效率提高16.67%~28.65%,降水利用率提高12.39%~18.29%,玉米增产12.10%~18.15%。     

红鳞蒲桃苗木生长和生理生化特征对不同盐分和干旱胁迫的响应

以1年生红鳞蒲桃盆栽苗木为研究对象,设置不同盐胁迫浓度及干旱程度,研究盐旱交互作用对红鳞蒲桃苗木的高、地径生长和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：干旱和盐胁迫都抑制了红鳞蒲桃的生长,盐胁迫的影响要大于干旱胁迫,高生长受到的限制大于地径生长,2 g/kg盐分浓度在水分充足条件下促进了地径生长。相对电导率和丙二醛含量均随着干旱和盐胁迫的增强而增大。不同盐分浓度下,干旱胁迫对相对电导率的影响趋势一致,不同盐分胁迫的影响差异不显著。高盐浓度下丙二醛含量的增加显著大于低盐浓度,表明盐胁迫对红鳞蒲桃的伤害更大;红鳞蒲桃的渗透调节物质在干旱和盐交互胁迫下有一定程度的提高。水分充足时,盐分浓度的变化没有对红鳞蒲桃的游离脯氨酸含量产生影响。随着胁迫的增加,渗透调节能力显著提高。低盐浓度下,抗氧化酶活性在水分充足时没有受到显著影响,高盐浓度下,随着干旱胁迫的加剧则显著提高。     

含肽肝素渣水解物对早期断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了含肽肝素渣水解物对早期断奶仔猪免疫器官生长发育、血清IgG含量、淋巴细胞数、腹泻指数以及生产性能的影响。试验表明,肝素渣水解后产生的寡肽可促进仔猪免疫器官发育,提高血清免疫球蛋白浓度、猪瘟抗体OD值和血液中淋巴细胞数,提高了断奶仔猪的免疫功能,降低了仔猪的腹泻指数,并能提高仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率。     

基于RUSLE的蔗区小流域土壤侵蚀特征研究

[目的] 探讨广西壮族自治区典型赤红壤集约化蔗区小流域的土壤侵蚀状况,以及土壤侵蚀强度与不同坡度、土地利用类型的关系,为广西集约化蔗区小流域防治土壤侵蚀提供科学参考。[方法] 在GIS空间分析技术支持下,利用修正的通用土壤流失方程（revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE）对其进行定量估算。[结果] ①那辣小流域坡度在0°~35°之间,坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）分别占土地利用总面积的82.85%,10.99%,道路和沟渠共占6.16%。2020年流域平均土壤侵蚀速率为22.97 t/（hm²·a）,属轻度侵蚀水平,是水利部规定的南方红壤丘陵区土壤允许流失量5 t/（hm²·a）的4.6倍;②流域土壤侵蚀主要发生在5°~25°的坡度范围内,是预防和治理水土流失的重点区域;③不同土地利用类型中,平均侵蚀速率最大的是林地（桉树）,为53.59 t/（hm²·a）,分别是坡耕地（甘蔗）、道路、沟渠的2.84,2.12,27.91倍。[结论] 应用RUSLE模型通过借助软件输入相关参数和处理数据,即可估算出蔗区土壤侵蚀及不同坡度、土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度分布特征,应合理规划并利用管理好流域的坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）、道路等土地利用类型,采取具有针对性的、有效的水土保持措施。     

Fractal features of soil particle size distribution and the implication for indicating desertification

Some of the effects of land desertification on soil properties are manifested by the coarsening of the soil particlesize distribution (PSD) and the losses in organic C and nutrients. The changes and characteristics of PSD and selected chemical properties in soils at the 0-15 cm plough layer from different degrees of desertified croplands are analyzed in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The fractal dimension of the PSD is emanated to characterize the patterns of PSD. The relationships between the fractal dimension of the PSD and selected soil properties are discussed. The results show that: (1) in the transformation from potential desertified cropland to extremely desertified cropland, the sand content at the 0-15 cm soil increased from 69% to 93%, organic C and total N contents decreased by 65% and 69%, respectively; (2) the fractal dimension of PSD ranged from 2.179 to 2.611, the more the contents of sand, the lower the fractal dimension and the higher the desertified degree of farmland. In the desertification process within the studied area, the mean fractal dimension decreased from 2.555 for the potential desertified soils to 2.298 for extremely desertified soils; (3) there existed considerable linear relationships between fractal dimension and soil properties. It was shown that fractal dimensions of PSD are useful parameters able to monitor soil degradation and to estimate the degree of soil desertification.