桑树资源综合利用研究概述

蚕丝业起源于中国,栽桑养蚕是中华民族几千年来的古老传统,形成农、工、商、贸一体化的特色丝绸产业.一直以来,蚕桑生产的主要产品是蚕茧,目的产物是生丝."种好桑、养好蚕、产好丝"是传统蚕业的固有思维模式和生产习惯.     

蜂花粉中活性肽的研究现状

蛋白质是人类必需的营养物质，具有一定的生理功能和特性，但是大部分蛋白质由于其分子量较大，人体难以吸收。生物活性肽是由两个或两个以上的氨基酸通过肽键连接而成，具有蛋白质的性质，另外还具有涉及神经、激素和免疫调节、抗血栓、抗高血压、抗胆固醇、抗细菌病毒、抗癌、抗氧化、清除自由基、改善氮素吸收关系和矿物质运输、促生长、调节食品风味、口味、硬度等多重功效。因此，生物活性肽越来越受到研究工作者的重视。蜂花粉的蛋白含量相当丰富，大约是其干重的25％左右，但是蜂花粉中的某些蛋白具有致敏作用，一定的人群在食用后会引起胃部疼痛和胀痛等身体不适。将花粉中的蛋白质降解为小分子的生物活性肽，具有潜在的研究价值。     

解脲脲原体与不育症的研究进展

生殖道解脲脲原体 (Ureaplasmaurealyticum ,UU)感染影响了精子各项指标 ,降低精液整体质量。UU对精子活力影响最大 ,其次是精子数、成活率、顶体完整率、血清抗精子抗体。UU感染致使精子活力逐渐下降 ,最终导致精子死亡 ,从而降低精子成活率。UU感染引起血清IL 6升高 ,但并不能引起精浆IL 6升高。UU感染能降低精浆中Zn和Se的含量 ,从而也影响精液质量。动物模型中UU感染使精子头尾卷曲 ,尾部断裂、肿胀 ;影响细胞因子的分泌 ,使血清中细胞因子IL 6、IL 8含量有明显升高 ,但不能使TNF α、IFN α明显变化 ;对于睾丸、输精管、前列腺的形态组织结构尚未有明显的影响 ;UU感染导致泌尿生殖道中结石形成。总之 ,UU感染是引起男性不育的因素之一 ,及时治疗UU感染是很必要的     

新兴猪干扰素-β基因的分子克隆与序列测定

根据NCBI GenBank 上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列(S41178),设计一对引物,直接从猪肝脏提取基因组DNA,经PCR 扩增及扩增产物的克隆、测序,获得了新兴本地猪干扰素β全基因片段,其大小为561 bp,与NCBI GenBank上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列完全一致,为进一步研究和开发猪基因工程干扰素制剂奠定了基础。     

畜禽业新型饲料源--桑叶的营养价值及加工调制

桑叶作为畜禽业新型饲料源,据测定,粗蛋白质含量高达20%～30%,也就是说1kg干桑叶与0.7kg大豆饼相当。同时,桑叶还含有多种维生素和微量元素及许多天然活性物质,具有抗应激、增强机体的耐力和提高畜禽的抗病能力。桑叶作为饲料不仅可以有效缓解日益紧张的常规饲料源,而且为发展“节粮型”畜禽业开辟了一条出路。桑叶的加工调制,不仅回收利用资源;同时也提高了资源的利用价值,还解决了畜禽越冬的饲料问题。     

不同投喂方式对革胡子鲶消化酶的影响

在（25±1）℃水温、自然光照条件下,设3种投喂方式饲养革胡子鲶（clarias leath-er）：第1种连续投喂整个试验期间不间断,第2和3种分别连续投喂3、7 d 后饥饿1 d,3种方式分别以R0（对照组）、R1/3、R1/7表示,试验周期共45 d。结果显示：R0、R1/3和R1/7组胃、后肠和肝脏中蛋白酶活性影响差异不显著,但前肠和中肠内蛋白酶活性影响存在差异(P<0.05)。R0、R1/3、R1/7组的胃、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏中淀粉酶影响不显著,R0、R1/3、R1/7的胃、前肠和肝脏内脂肪酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),而R0、R1/3、R1/7组中肠和后肠中脂肪酶活性影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

约互合成系猪Ag—NORs的遗传特征及其与毛色相关规律的研究

本试验利用染色体银染技术，对纯隐性黑色互助猪，纯显性白色约克夏及其杂交一代，杂交二代和杂交三代的体细胞分别进行核仁区染色，并对结果进行统计分析，结果表明，猪的Ag-NORs平均数与毛色之间具有极强的正相关(r=0.945）。     

饲料企业日常监管要点解析

今年是《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》颁布实施10周年．农业部在全国范围内组织开展“保障饲料安全．推进健康养殖——饲料质量安全执法年”行动,《条例》修正案也将出台。近年来,虽然我国的饲料安全工作不断加强．饲料产品的质量水平不断提高．但是从目前来看．我国的饲料安全问题还远没有解决。饲料产品在生产、流通和使用中仍存在着严重的安全隐患。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

DNA Barcoding:An Effective Tool for Species Identification of Lepidopteran Oak Pests

[Objective] The paper was to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early forecast of Lepidopteran oak-infesting pests.[Method] DNA barcoding technique was established for quick species identification using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) as the standard gene.This barcoding technique was used to amplify and sequence genomic DNA samples from eggs and pupae of 11 species of Lepidopteran pests collected from oak.[Result] The DNA barcoding standard genes of 594-708 bp were determined from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.There were differences of 0-2 bases in DNA barcode sequences between conspecific eggs and pupae,with the sequence identity of 99.7%-100%.The average content of A,T,G and C of DNA barcode sequences from Lepidopteran insects were 30.7%,38.5%,14.9% and 15.9%,respectively.The obtained DNA barcode sequences had 91.4%-100% identity and 0-8.6% difference degree with GenBank-deposited DNA barcode sequences from organisms of the genetically-closest relationship.Among them,DNA barcode sequences from egg and pupa samples of 10 Lepidopteran insects(No.1-20) had 99%-100% identity and 0-1.0% difference degree with homologous sequences in GenBank database,while the remaining samples(No.21-22) had high difference degree(8.6%) with homologous sequences.[Conclusion] The established DNA barcoding technique is an effeetive tool for species identification of Lepidopteran pests using genomic DNA from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.