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Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
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J. Cao Y. Gong E. T. Yeh N. M. Holden J. F. Adamowski R. C. Deo M. Liu J. Zhou J. Zhang W. Zhang S. Zhang D. Sheng S. Yang X. Xu M. Li Q. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(4):663-671
Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 107 and 6.15 × 107 Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist. 相似文献
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以菠萝蜜种子淀粉为壁材,采用饱和水溶液法制备香草兰精油微胶囊,以包埋产率为指标,采用响应面分析法对微胶囊的包埋条件进行优化探讨。结果表明:5个单因素中,影响最显著的因素为壁芯材比例、包埋温度和包埋时间。响应面优化得到香草兰精油微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为壁芯材比例为7.5∶1;包埋时间72 min;包埋温度54℃,此条件下的包埋产率为(95.46±0.2)%,包埋率为(76.35±0.6)%,载油量为(27.73±0.3)%。试验证明,此条件结果与模型预测值相吻合,此工艺条件可为菠萝蜜种子淀粉包埋香草兰精油微胶囊工艺提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements
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S. H. Ahmadi M. Agharezaee A. A. Kamgar‐Haghighi A. R. Sepaskhah 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):106-119
The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm3) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm3) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm3) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm3) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress. 相似文献
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为了解牛流行性出血病(epidemic hemorrhagic disease,EHD)在云南省的流行和分布情况,采用竞争ELISA方法,2019年对11个县市的1 199份牛血清进行流行性出血病病毒(epidemic hemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)抗体检测,同时从各县市检测出的阳性血清中,随机选取18~50份通过微量血清中和试验进行血清型鉴定。结果显示:云南省11个县市均检测出EHDV抗体阳性样品,阳性率介于49.3%~91.3%,平均为81.8%;各地普遍存在3个及以上血清型,其中EHDV-7、-10、-6、-5血清型检出率较高,EHDV-8、-2血清型检出率较低,未检出EHDV-1型。结果表明,EHD在云南省流行广泛且较严重,流行血清型复杂。结果提示,需持续开展EHDV血清学监测,重视对该病的防控。此次血清学调查为我国西南地区EHD防控提供了数据参考。 相似文献
16.
‘金美’是从云南野外美味猕猴桃资源中选育出的绿肉高糖新品种。果实为卵形,果面黄褐色硬毛,果形整齐;平均单果质量60 ~ 80 g。果肉绿色或黄绿色,质嫩多汁,风味浓甜。软熟果实含可溶性固形物24.1%,可溶性总糖16.2%,总酸1.25%,维生素C 1 180 mg • kg-1,钾 342 mg • kg-1,钙84.2 mg • kg-1。在武汉地区8月果实成熟,此时果实采后7 d开始软熟,1 ~ 2 ℃低温和95%相对湿度下可存放100 ~ 120 d。盛果期产量22 t • hm-2。 相似文献
17.
杨军威 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):188-189
畜牧养殖业污染问题是畜牧养殖生产过程中的常见问题,对于养殖业也有一定的影响,直接影响畜牧产品质量及动物疫病防治工作。该文针对畜牧养殖业污染现状进行分析研究,阐述畜牧养殖污染问题现状,并综合新疆地区的畜牧养殖业发展状态,提出畜牧养殖污染问题综合治理的有效对策。 相似文献
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