Spraying exogenous synthetic cytokinin 6‐benzyladenine following the waterlogging improves grain growth of waterlogged maize in the field

6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA, a synthetic cytokinin) could improve the ability to resist adversity. However, very little attention has been given to its role in alleviating waterlogging damages on grain growth. A field experiment was performed to investigate effects of exogenous 6‐BA after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage (V3‐WL + 6‐BA) or the sixth leaf stage (V6‐WL + 6‐BA) on grain filling, and endogenous hormone of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958), which were planted popularly in China. Exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain filling by improving grain weight and volume, which was beneficial to yield increase. Grain yield of DH605 under V3‐WL + 6‐BA and V6‐WL + 6‐BA increased by 16% and 12%, respectively, compared with that of V3‐WL (waterlogging at the third leaf stage) and V6‐WL (waterlogging at the sixth leaf stage), while the corresponding values for ZD958 increased by 20% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain endogenous hormone content by increasing levels of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin riboside, and gibberellic acid, and decreasing level of abscisic acid in grain of waterlogged summer maize during grain‐filling periods. Clearly, exogenous 6‐BA improved grain‐filling characteristics, and endogenous hormone, resulting in a significant yield increase of waterlogged summer maize.     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,antioxidant activity,and immunity in ricefield eel (Monopterus albus)

A 10-week feeding trial aimed to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C (l -ascorbic acid) on growth, antioxidant activity, and immunity in ricefield eel, Monopterus albus. Six diets were formulated with different levels of vitamin C supplementation (0.1, 17.5, 34.8, 68.6, 139.7, and 278.5 mg/kg). The results indicated that the weight gain (WG) of the M. albus fed the diets with vitamin C was remarkably higher than that of the M. albus fed the control diet (p < .05), and the quadratic analysis showed an optimal vitamin C level of 80.66 mg/kg. Compared with the control group, serum lysozyme activities, the complement pathway, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, immunoglobulin M, and phagocytosis percentage were significantly increased (p < .05) in the treatment groups, and superoxide dismutase activity, serum glucose, and malondialdehyde content were significantly decreased (p < .05) in the treatment groups. The challenge trial with Aeromonas hydrophila showed that the M. albus fed the diets with vitamin C had remarkably reduced cumulative mortality compared with those fed the control diet (p < .05), and mortality in the 68.60 mg/kg diet group was the lowest. Based on WG, the optimal vitamin C supplementation level for M. albus was estimated to be 80.66 mg/kg.     

不同养分管理对东北东部半山区地下饮用水硝态氮的影响

为了探讨不同养分管理方式对东北东部半山区村镇地下饮用水水质的影响,该文在辽宁省清原满族自治县选择典型地下饮用水源区域,通过近2 a的田间试验,研究结果表明：常规养分管理和农田养分管理施氮量分别为240 kg/hm2和192 kg/hm2,与常规养分管理相比,农田养分管理处理氮肥农学生产力显著高于常规养分管理处理,提高了22.47%;浅地下水埋深区,地下水硝态氮质量浓度增幅为深地下水埋深区1.6倍;减N 20%农田养分管理措施实施后,区域地下水硝态氮质量浓度较常规养分管理措施削减了51.19%。因此,采取农田养分管理措施降低了农田施肥对浅层地下饮用水源地污染风险,这对于村镇地下饮用水水源地的保护及村镇居民安全饮水具有重要意义。     

UASB反应器中厌氧污泥颗粒化的微生物学机理

通过对容积为5升的UASB反应器启动试验,研究了反应器内以葡萄糖为基质污泥颗粒化过程中不同类群细菌的消长规律。依据对颗粒化过程中细菌行为的观察,初步提出了厌氧颗粒污泥形成的机理,讨论了细菌种类对颗粒污泥性能的影响。     

Induced ovulation of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using a combination of a gonadotrop‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone

The effects of an intraperitoneal hormone injection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (D‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹‐NEt GnRHa) alone or in combination with a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (DOM), on ovulation induction in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were tested. The hormone treatments were as follows: 6 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (BW) of carp pituitary extract as a positive control, GnRHa 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg⁻¹ BW and a combination of GnRHa and DOM as follows: 10 μg+5 mg, 20 μg+10 mg, 40 μg+20 mg and 80 μg+40 mg kg⁻¹ BW. Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl) was used as a negative control. Significant differences in the ovulation ratio, latency period and ovulation index (OI) were observed among treatments (P<0.05). The combination of GnRHa and DOM at doses of 40 μg+20 mg kg⁻¹ BW had higher values of the ovulation ratio and OI, and a shorter latency period compared with other treatments. The highest OI in GnRHa treatments was only 56.67%, suggesting a dopaminergic tone on gonadotropin secretion in this fish at the pre‐ovulatory stage. Therefore, ovulation can be successfully induced in yellow catfish with 40 μg kg⁻¹ GnRHa+20 mg kg⁻¹ DOM without affecting the egg quality.     

苄·二氯对过氧化氢酶活性及水稻幼苗生长的影响

采用2、4、6、8 g/L的苄·二氯混配剂喷施水稻幼苗,喷药后第4天测定根长、苗重、根系CAT活性、土壤CAT活性和根系H2O2含量,结果显示:低浓度的苄·二氯促进根的生长,浓度超过4 g/L后,幼苗鲜重下降;各种浓度的苄·二氯均导致根系H2O2含量下降和根系CAT活性上升,但苄·二氯不能抑制土壤CAT的活性.     

热处理及保鲜剂Amistai Dip对甜瓜的贮藏效果

采用不同热处理温度、热处理时间、保鲜剂浓度对甜瓜进行三因素三水平的正交设计试验,通过定期对处理后贮藏甜瓜硬度、失重率、可溶性固形物等指标的测定及统计分析来说明热处理及保鲜剂Amistai Dip对甜瓜贮藏的作用,并探讨其保鲜效果的优劣。用40℃、50℃、60℃热水对甜瓜分别进行2min、3min、4min浸渍,之后,喷施50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg不同浓度的保鲜剂。实验结果表明:50℃处理3min,浓度为150mg/kg的AmistaiDip可明显改善甜瓜的品质,延长甜瓜的寿命,延缓其衰老。     

Earthworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Metaphire guillelmi</Emphasis>) effects on rice photosynthates distribution in the plant–soil system

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) activities on rice photosynthates distribution in plant–soil system through ¹⁴C pulse-labelling method. Rice was planted in pots, and maize straw was mulched on the surface with or without earthworms. Rice plants at tillering stage or heading stage were labelled with ¹⁴CO₂. Plant and soil were sampled 15 days after labelling at the tillering or heading stage and at harvest. Rice growth was inhibited by earthworms (M. guillelmi) at early stage, but the inhibition disappeared at later stage. Earthworms significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after tillering stage labelling, but the effect disappeared at harvest. Earthworms (M. guillelmi) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the ¹⁴C percentage in root at day 15 after heading stage labelling and increased ¹⁴C percentage in soil at harvest. Earthworms decreased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C (TO¹⁴C) present as microbial biomass ¹⁴C (MB¹⁴C) and increased the percentages of total organic ¹⁴C present as dissolved organic ¹⁴C (DO¹⁴C) at all sampling times. It is suggested that earthworms might alter the transfer of plant photosynthates from the aboveground to the belowground, and thus, soil active C pool. However, these data should be also confirmed in the field.     

Studies on the Oxidation of Weathered Coal with Nitric Acid

A raseach has been done on the possibility of producing nitriochumic acid fromweathered coal of Nantong,Sichuan,oxidised by nithic acid.The optimun reacting conditions,whichare found through the way of orthogonal experiment,are suggested as follows:concentration ofHON3 35%,rate of HON3 to coal 3.5,reacting take 15 min,and reaction temperature 369 K. Thecomposition of product is Wf 2. 91 %;Ag 14.06%;HAg 78.28%;Ng 1.62%.