Dietary nucleotide‐rich yeast supplementation improves growth,innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT)‐rich yeast supplementation on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 g/kg of NT‐rich yeast, respectively. A total of 480 shrimp with an average initial body weight of 1.86 ± 0.02 g were randomly allocated into four groups, with four replicates per group and 30 shrimp each replicate. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast had significantly higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the control diet, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplemental diet. However, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. The crude protein of whole shrimp in the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group was higher than that in the control group. Total protein, triglyceride concentrations, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly influenced by the dietary NT‐rich yeast supplementation. The activities of serum phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) of shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast were higher than those in shrimp fed the other diets. Relative expressions of alp and lzm significantly upregulated in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group compared to the control group. The intestinal fold height and fold width in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group were significantly higher than those fed the control diet; and the highest microvillus height occurred in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast diet. In summary, dietary 30–50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplementation promotes growth performance, enhances innate immunity and improves intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

The improvement of growth,digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance of white shrimp by the dietary citric acid

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary citric acid on growth, digestive enzyme and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp with initial body weight of 5.57 ± 0.21 g were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.0 g kg^?1 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 citric acid. Results showed that weight gain was increased by 15.9 % and feed conversion ratio was decreased by 0.17 by 2.0 g kg^?1 dietary citric acid compared with control group (P < 0.05). Intestinal protease activity of shrimp fed 2.0 g kg^?1 citric acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control group. No significant difference was found in intestinal amylase activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The activities of serum phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in 2.0 and 3.0 g kg^?1 citric acid group were significantly higher, and accumulative mortalities of the two groups on the fourth day after injection of Vibrio alginolyticus were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). Results above demonstrated that dietary citric acid could improve growth performance, immunity and resistance against V. alginolyticus. The supplementation level of citric acid in diet was suggested to be 2.0–3.0 g kg^?1 for white shrimp.     

基于系统辩识的PID参数自整定

This paper presented a metnod of self-determining PID parameters by using system idenification and gave a engineering sample.     

湖北电网安全运营的地质灾害调查研究

对遍布湖北省内100多个可能有地质灾害隐患的变电站、输电线路进行了野外调查,归纳出影响湖北电网安全运营的地质灾害的主要类型和分布特征,并分析了地质灾害的成因,给出了相应的治理对策,对湖北电网的安全运营提供依据。     

嫁接繁殖研究进展及其在林木遗传改良中的应用前景

嫁接作为一种传统的无性繁殖方法,已广泛应用于农林领域中的良种扩繁保存、品种改良、新品种选育等方面,它能够有效提高作物产量、抗逆性,改变植物的开花结果习性及改良果实品质。文中介绍了嫁接繁殖的特性,并从嫁接愈合解剖学、生理生化、分子机理3个方面对国内外有关嫁接成活机理进行了系统综述;探讨了嫁接引起的遗传变异及其在林木遗传改良中的应用前景,以期为嫁接技术改进及林木遗传改良提供新思路。     

Rhizobia in tropical legumes—XIV. Ion uptake differences between fast- and slow-growing strains

We compared the uptake of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (as well as ¹⁴C-labelled mannitol, ³H-labelled glutamate, and ³²P-labelled phosphate) in three fast- and three slow-growing rhizobia. The fast-growing strains used were Rhizobium meliloti (isolated from Medicago sativa), R. trifolii (from Trifolium subterraneum), and Rhizobium spp from Leucaena leucocephala, while the slow-growing strains were R. japonicum (Glycine max), and two Rhizobium spp (from Centrosema pubescens and Crotolaria anagyroides). Slow-growing organisms preferentially utilized glutamate in the medium. Both fast- and slow-growing strains took up more NH⁺₄-N than NO^?₃-N on a per cell basis. In the presence of mannitol, fast-growing strains can cause either acid or alkaline reactions, an effect that is dependent only on the N-source (NH⁺₄ or NO^?₃). Uptake preferences of the fast-growing Leucaena isolate (UMKL 19) resembled those of the slow-growing rhizobia, further strengthening the argument that this organism (and others like it) may be intermediate between the normal fast- and slow-growing groups. Generally, the efficiency of uptake of N (either as NH⁺₄ or NO^?₃), P, and therefore K, was greater in the fast-growing organisms.     

对动物防疫体系建设的思考

近来,动物防疫体系建设越来越成为社会关注的热点,各地对动物防疫体系建设的力度不断加大,对其管理模式进行了一些有益探索。笔者认为必须在以下几个问题上提高认识。1充分肯定动物防疫体系的历史作用,提高动物防疫体系建设重要性的认识动物防疫体系在过去50多年中对支持畜牧业     

民办高职院校饲料与动物营养专业模块化实训教学体系的构建

近年来,我国民办高职院校迅猛发展,已经成为高职教育中一支不可忽视的生力军。民办高职院校教学的实训、实习以及校企合作正在摸索阶段。文章以饲料与动物营养专业为例,探讨民办高职院校模块化实训教学体系的构建。     

福建省变性土特性的研究

在福建沿海低丘、台地玄武岩风化物上发育一种暗色粘质土壤,历史上归属于砖红壤性红壤。本研究证明,它明显区别于砖红壤性红壤,主要表现于：风化--淋溶作用和脱硅富铝化作用较弱,通体暗色,层次分异不明显,粘粒含量高,粘土矿物以蒙脱石占优势,有明显膨胀收缩性,干季出现一定深度的开裂,阳离子交换量大,盐基饱和度和pH值较高。据此,这种土壤有必要从砖红壤性红壤中划分出来。按美国土壤系统分类,本土壤定名为细质、蒙脱石型、高热、典型艳色湿润变性土。可以认为,变性土在我国也应作为一个独立的分类单元。     

用生态经济沟的经验建设生态经济岗

本文总结了太行山区过去几十年林业生产的教训,把近几年的“生态经济沟”经验,应用到太行山南部低海拔岗坡地形区的开发治理中,提出了建设“生态经济岗”的设想及盘龙岗试点的规划方案。