稀土提高枣树产量及果实品质的研究*

板枣是我国枣树的名优品种之一。枣果营养丰富,经济价值高,既味美可口,又可入药,还是食品加工的重要原料,是我国一大特产。但因管理粗放,病虫较多,影响产量和质量的提高。在推广枣树增产技术措施中,虽以枣树开花期喷施赤霉素提高座果率效果较好,但目前赤霉素价格高,货源缺乏,严重影响了这一增产措施的实施。     

杉木林生态系统净化水质功能的研究

对杉木林生态系统净化水质功能研究结果表明，随着大气降水而进入杉木林生态系统的物质中，有二氯丁烷，苯等有机污染物，还有Ｐｂ，Ｃａ等重金属元素。经过林冠层、地被物和土壤层的截留作用，这结污染物质不仅种类减少，而且浓度大为降低，进一步阐述了森林净化水的机理和效益。为森林净化水质的功能，提供了依据。     

基于机器视觉的树木图像实时采集与识别系统

研究了树木图像的实时采集与识别技术 ,以及树木图像处理及分析软件系统的开发 ,并自行设计制作了室内模拟实验系统。树木图像处理技术包括图像的获取、图像的增强、图像边缘检测、图像分割和图像的特征提取与识别。本文的研究能够为分离施药目标与非施药目标提供依据 ,有助于精确农药喷雾的实现。     

美洲黑杨新无性系苗期年生长规律研究

以5个黑杨派(P.deltoides)杨树无性系为材料,利用Logistic方程对各个无性系的1a生扦插苗木的苗高、地径的年生长节律进行拟合。根据因素数列的几何形状发展态势的接近程度,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成1个灰色系统,进行面积关联度分析。结果表明:利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著,相关系数皆在0.95以上。关联度分析表明降水量对苗木的高生长影响最大,日照时数影响最小;而日照时数对苗木的粗生长影响较大,降水量影响最小。     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

东北三江平原湿地现状、面临的威胁和保护措施

三江平原是黑龙江省东北部由冲积平原和低山组成的广袤区域,它是中国和东亚最大的一片湿地.三江平原现有28个湿地保护区,其中3个被列为Ramsar公约有重要国际影响的湿地.三江平原湿地具有丰富的生物多样性,但随着近年来开发的加剧,三江平原湿地的面积不断缩小,湿地的质量逐步恶化.本文在阐述了三江平原湿地现状的同时,对湿地面临的主要威胁、退化的主要原因以及亟待解决的问题做了深入的分析,同时提出了改善流域的管理、加强湿地生境与生物多样性的保护与恢复、改变湿地周边地区居民的生活方式及强化湿地保护的能力建设等4个方面保护三江平原湿地的有效措施.     

“一带一路”背景下利比里亚林业发展状况及中利两国林业合作探析

利比里亚森林资源丰富,但由于内战以及林业管理水平不高等原因,林业开发缓慢,迫切需要外资介入以增强发展动力,改善发展模式,以实现林业产业的可持续发展。近年来我国经济发展迅速,国内木材生产量远低于木材需求量,与利比里亚开展良好的林业合作将是缓解国内木材需求紧张局面的可行途径。文中介绍了利比里亚森林资源概况、林业法规、林业管理机构、林产品生产与贸易和林业开发面临的主要问题,提出了中利两国开展林业合作的领域和建议,以期为两国林业合作提供决策参考。     

Effect of nitrogen addition on DOC leaching and chemical exchanges on canopy leaves in Guangdong Province,China

The impact of nitrogen(N)deposition on dissolved organic carbon(DOC)fractions in throughfall is not well understood.We performed a laboratory experiment and compared DOC leaching from canopy leaves after dipping leaves in pure water(control)and NH4NO3 solution(N-treatment)for 18 h.Net changes of DOC,NH4^+,NO3^-,SO4^2-,K^+,Mg^2+,Ca^2+and H^+contents after dipping leaves were determined by comparing solutions with and without leaves.We recorded no differences of DOC leaching between control and N-treatment,implying that N deposition had minor impacts on canopy DOC production.This confirmed that previous experiments testing the effects of N addition on DOC dynamics without considering the effects of the canopy reaction successfully described the real situation.We also confirmed the previously-reported canopy exchange process in spite of a high background N deposition at our study site.N-treatment significantly increased base cation leaching,especially K^+,and the increase was positively correlated with foliar NH4?retention.Net leaching of H^+and SO4^2-was not affected by the N-treatment.     

中国竹林认证现状及趋势

中国是世界上竹子资源最丰富的国家,也是全球竹子资源开发利用最充分的国家。竹林认证是我国森林认证一个重要且有特色的领域。中国竹林认证自本世纪初在浙江的一些地区开始实践至今已经历了10多年的发展,目前总体呈现缓中有进的趋势,已在认证要求、操作程序、模式选择等方面取得了一定进展,为世界竹业发展提供了较好的示范。文中从认证竹林面积与分布、类型与特点以及审核中存在的不符合项等方面总结我国竹林认证现状,指出竹林认证的成效及在实施过程中面临的挑战,分析竹林认证的发展趋势并提出相应对策。