Effects of cultivar,pelleting and enzyme addition on nutritive value of barley in poultry diets

1. The effect of pelleting process and Trichoderma viride enzymes (TVE) addition on apparent metabolisable energy, corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and on productive value of practical diets containing 40 and 45% of three different barley cultivars and one wheat were studied in poultry.

2. The effect of the pelleting process on AMEn was inconsistent and was dependent on the cereal included and the addition of enzyme.

3. The growth trial showed a significant effect of enzyme addition to pelleted diets over the whole growth period (0 to 42 d). Addition of TVE improved weight gain and food efficiency by 1.3% and 2.9%, respectively and decreased food intake by 1.6% between 0 and 22 d. In the finisher period (23 to 42 d) TVE improved efficiency by 2.8% and reduced food intake by 2.9%.

4. The incidence of sticky droppings was related to the viscosity of barley used, and enzyme supplementation reduced it. Both pelleting and enzyme addition increased dry matter content of excreta.

5. At the end of the experiment, 14 animals per treatment were slaughtered and carcass yield, viscera weight and abdominal fat were determined.     

应用花药培养技术培育苹果新类型

通过对苹果不同品种花培植株的试管苗及其高接树的染色体数目观察,看到大部分为单倍体,还有其他倍性的植株.幼龄期元帅花培植株的植物学性状与原品种元帅之间有显著差异,表现分枝多、有针刺、叶片小而薄、茸毛少、有缺刻等野生性状.在花培植株之间,也表现有明显的差别.田间高接后,花培植株随树龄增长逐渐向栽培性状转化,元帅花培植株元80—3已开始结果,表现出明显的短枝型特征.     

Rapeseed meal and egg taint: Treatment of rapeseed meal to reduce tainting potential

1. Treatment of rapeseed meal with calcium hydroxide suspension decreased the sinapine content by up to 90%. Smaller decreases were obtained by autolysis, steaming and treatment with ammonia.

2. When this treated meal was fed to susceptible ("tainting") hens the concentration of trimethylamine in the eggs was decreased to much less than that required to cause taint.     

Effect of injecting amino acids into the egg on embryonic and subsequent growth in the domestic fowl

1. The growing embryo uses about 1% of the total protein available in the egg during the first week of incubation.

2. Injecting the growing embryo with amino acids equivalent to the amount of protein used resulted in higher weight of chicks at all stages up to 56 d.     

中药产后调理提高奶牛生产性能的试验研究

应用中药增乳Ⅰ号进行了产后调理提高奶牛生产性能的试验研究。结果表明,试验组奶牛羊草采食量,产奶量,乳脂率、受胎率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01), 隐性乳房炎发病率显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血清GOT、ALP、钙、磷和血糖浓度两组差异不显著(P>0.05),而且均在正常范围内。说明该方剂能够改善产后奶牛体况,提高奶牛生产性能,对预防多种产后疾病具有一定意义,适宜于奶牛产后应用。     

水稻三化螟蚁螟在稻株上的定向、着生习性及对水稻不同组织和人工合成“稻酮”的趋化性反应试验

本项工作的目的在于探求水稻三化螟Tryporyza incertulas(Walker)初孵幼虫在稻株上的定向特性,为鉴定水稻的不同生育期、品种植株间的抗螟性能做一些基本工作。其次,以人工合成的“稻酮”进行蚁螟趋化反应试验。工作系于1961—1964年进行。所得结果初步表明:1.在稻株上的定向部位:蚁螟侵入孔距稻株基部的相对高度为,分蘖期<10厘米;圆秆期10—20厘米,孕穗期后>30厘米。在生长期相同的植株上,籼稻>粳稻。入侵途径以叶鞘侧部的脉间蛀入为主,部分咬脉而入。2.蚁螟在分蘖期至圆秆期稻株上主动选择叶鞘部位入侵,并非由“向地性”所支配。3.蚁螟对各生育期水稻叶鞘组织的趋化反应与成虫的产卵选择性相吻合,即偏选分蘖期与孕穗期的稻株(或叶鞘)。4.在稻株叶鞘及孕穗穗苞内含有诱致蚁螟的物质,而在稻叶叶片组织内可能含有拒食作用的物质。5.蚁螟着生数量,在秧苗上为,17天秧>44天秧;在分蘖与圆秆期稻株上,籼稻>梗稻。6.一定浓度的人工合成“稻酮”能明显地引起蚁螟的嗅觉反应。     

The use of air‐coolers in broiler houses under subtropical conditions in Iraq

1. Under summer conditions in north Iraq, 2 000 chicks were reared for 56 d in two broiler houses. One house was provided with two air‐coolers. The birds were housed at densities of eight to 16 birds/m².

2. Differences in weight gain between birds in cooled and uncooled houses ranged from 101.5 g at eight birds/m² to 385 g at 16 birds/m². Food consumption increased gradually with increasing bird density. Food conversion efficiency, meat yield and carcass conformation were much better in the cooled house than under conventional conditions.

3. The financial return/m² ranged from 2.30 to 4.51 ID¹ in the cooled house, compared with 2.01 to 2.77 ID in the uncooled house at different floor densities.     

Rapeseed Meal and egg taint

1. Certain rapeseed meals in the diet of hens laying brown eggs result in the production, from some birds, of eggs which have a “ fishy ” or “ crabby ” odour because of the presence of trimethylamine.

2. Such susceptible birds have been used to demonstrate that the activity can be extracted from rapeseed meal with appropriate solvents.     

The role of histamine and fish meal in the incidence of gizzard erosion and pro‐ventricular abnormalities in the fowl

1. The role of certain fish meals in the production of localised gizzard erosion is confirmed.

2. Lesions typical of gizzard erosion could be produced by the addition of histamine to the diet.

3. The amount of histamine occurring naturally in fish meal depends on the species of fish and the extent and nature of bacterial spoilage.

4. These variables may explain why histamine has not been implicated previously and also why there have not been consistent associations between the condition and geographical source or common factors in bulk consignments of the meal.     

新疆退牧还草工程建设与管理的探讨

草地是发展畜牧业的重要基础,退牧还草工程是恢复、更新天然草地和保护生态环境的重要手段。本文就新疆实施退牧还草工程中所出现的一些问题进行了探讨。