改进RetinaNet的刺梨果实图像识别

为实现加工车间刺梨果实的快速识别,提出一种基于改进的RetinaNet刺梨果实图像的识别方法。基于RetinaNet的模型,对RetinaNet框架中Focal loss的bias进行改进,使其能根据不同的情况控制bias的取值,再运用维度聚类算法找出Anchor的较好尺寸并匹配到相对应的特征层,对卷积神经网络结构进行优化。通过改进RetinaNet目标检测算法对7426幅刺梨果实图像进行检测识别,并与原始RetinaNet目标检测算法对比。试验结果表明:改进的RetinaNet网络模型识别方法对6类刺梨果实的识别率分别为99.47%、91.42%、96.92%、90.92%、96.89%和93.53%,平均识别率为94.86%;相对于原始RetinaNet目标检测算法,改进算法的识别准确率提高4.21%,单个刺梨果实检测时间由60.99 ms缩减到57.91 ms,检测时间缩短5.05%。本文改进算法对加工车间刺梨果实的识别具有较高的正确率和实用性。     

含植被坡面水动力学特性的实验研究

基于水槽试验,系统的研究了在5种流量、3种植被组合和3种覆盖密度情况下的坡面流的水力参数、水力因子间的关系和阻力规律.结果表明,坡面流一般为湍流,植被的存在增强了坡面流的湍流强度.平均流速与单宽流量幂函数相关,且拟合结果良好.柔性植被对流速的减缓作用大于刚性植被.柔性植被坡面和刚性植被坡面的阻力系数均随雷诺数的增加呈幂...     

牧草抗旱机理与节水灌溉技术研究

在干旱、半干旱地区，牧草因长期处于亏水环境中，形成了一定的抗性，存在一个较宽的对水分利用相对较高的生理耗水阈值。木文从这一水分生理角度出发，在充分研究牧草生理生态适旱系列变化过程的基础上，确定了几种干旱半干旱草地的经济耗水量，并制定出相应的经济灌溉制度。     

银杏锰型超氧化物歧化酶GbMnSOD基因的克隆与表达

利用RACE技术首次从银杏中克隆到锰型超氧化物歧化酶基因(GbMnSOD ) 的cDNA全长。GbMnSOD的cDNA全长965 bp (GenBank accession number: EF633506) 。生物信息学分析GbMnSOD cDNA序列含有一个681 bp最大读码框, 编码一个226氨基酸多肽链, 通过软件预测分子量为2515 kD, 等电点为8197。三维结构预测结果显示, GbMnSOD 含有12个α螺旋和3 个β折叠构成一个篮子状的活性中心。GbMnSOD氨基酸序列与其它植物MnSOD具有很高的相似性。进化树分析结果表明GbMnSOD和其他物种的MnSOD源自于相同的祖先。Southern杂交显示, GbMnSOD属于一个小的多基因家族。Northern 杂交表明GbMnSOD在银杏的根、茎、叶和果中都有表达, 在叶中的表达量最高, GbMnSOD 的转录受到ABA、IAA、蔗糖、甘露醇、NaCl 和低温的诱导。     

Effects of carvedilol on murine viral myocarditis

AIM: To observe the effects of carvedilol on murine viral myocarditis model. METHODS: A total of 188 inbred male BALB/c mice of 4-6 weeks were divided into 4 groups: myocarditis group (group C, n=60), metoprolol treatment group (group M, n=60), carvedilol treatment group (group K, n=60), control group (group B, n=8). Myocardial histopathololgic changes were observed. The concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Western blotting was performed to analyze the contents of phosphorylated p38MAPK in myocardium. RESULTS: Metropolol and carvedilol lightened myocardial histopathololgic changes at acute stage, decreased cTn-I concentrations and myocardial phosphorylated p38MAPK value compared with myocarditis group. Treatment with carvedilol was more effective than treated with metropolol on those indexes. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol protects against viral myocarditis by inhibition of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway through blockade of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors.     

Role of GPR40 mediates the effects of FFAs on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1

AIM: To evaluate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) mediates the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on lipoapoptosis in mouse β-cell line NIT-1 and the mechanisms involved in this process.METHODS: NIT-1 cells were supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or oleate (500 μmol/L) for 48 h, then apoptosis of the cells was determined by the methods of Hoechst 33342, TUNEL and flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI). The small interfering RNA technique was used to inhibit the expression of GPR40 in NIT-1 cell. The mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells were either supplemented with palmitate (500 μmol/L) or co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h. The percentages of apoptotic cells were quantified. The expression of p-c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis, whereas oleate inhibited NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. No significant difference of the percentages of apoptotic cells was indicated among the mock, control siRNA and GPR40 siRNA transfected cells treated with palmitate (P>0.05). However, after co-incubated with palmitate and oleate (500 μmol/L for each) for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells in GPR40 siRNA transfected cells was greater than that in mock (P<0.05), while the expression of p-c-Jun was decreased. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were not affected.CONCLUSION: Palmitate induced β cell lipoapoptosis might not be mediated through GPR40, whereas oleate inhibits NIT-1 cells from palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis, which is mediated at least in part through GPR40, the change of c-Jun expression may play an role in this process, suggesting that GPR40 might be implicated in the control of β cell mass plasticity and GPR40 probably provides a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes.     

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.     

黄瓜游离小孢子培养诱导成胚和植株再生

 以10个不同基因型黄瓜为试材进行游离小孢子培养,通过对成胚条件的系统研究,从‘7447’和‘Poinsett97’中获得了子叶形胚和再生植株。研究结果表明：基因型和小孢子发育时期是限制黄瓜游离小孢子成胚的关键因子。不同品种间胚状体产量差异显著,每皿产胚1.5～33.4个。单核靠边期是进行黄瓜游离小孢子培养的最佳时期。低温预处理有利于胚状体的诱导,4 ℃预处理2～4 d为宜,以处理2 d时胚状体产量最高。外源激素在诱导胚状体时并非必需,但低浓度的外源激素（0.5 mg·L^-1 2,4－D、0.2 mg·L^-1 6－BA）更能促进小孢子成胚。NLN和B5两种基础培养基在诱导胚状体上无显著差异。子叶形胚易分化成苗,而其它类型的胚状体不能获得再生植株。     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Adiponectin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from lipid peroxidation

AIM:To study the effect of adiponectin (APN) on lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro.METHODS:The effect of H2O2 on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC labeling.The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in HUVECs was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by colorimetric assay.The scavenging rate on superoxide anion radicals in xanthine oxidase system and OH radicals produced by Fenton reaction were also tested.RESULTS:APN significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis.H2O2 increased MDA production and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT, which were inhibited by APN.APN did not alter the activities of SOD and CAT in normal condition.APN dose-dependently decreased the superoxide anion radicals, with the scavenging rate of 11.9%, 21.4%, 36.9%,respectively, and scavenged OH radicals.CONCLUSION:APN inhibits apoptosis and protects endothelial cells against lipid peroxidation insult by scavenging the free radicals.