密肥组合对稻茬晚播小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响

为筛选适宜南方晚播稻茬中筋小麦高产高效栽培的密肥组合,以中筋小麦品种扬麦20为材料,研究了江苏淮南地区晚播(11月20日之后播种)条件下密度、施氮量、氮肥基追比对稻茬小麦籽粒产量和效益的影响.结果表明,晚播小麦密度与籽粒产量、效益均呈二次曲线关系,密度为315×104株·hm-2时,籽粒产量最高,达6 721.65～7 884.91 kg·hm-2,效益达3 783.6～5 111.55元·hm-2;施氮量为270 kg·hm-2时籽粒产量极显著高于施氯量210 kg· hm-2处理.在本试验条件下,基本苗为315×104株·hm-2、总施氮量270 kg·hm-2、基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶1∶3∶3时,晚播小麦的籽粒产量和效益最高.     

几种新型杀虫剂对棉田烟粉虱防治效果研究

 试验研究了5种杀虫剂对棉田烟粉虱的田间防治效果。结果表明：50%氟啶虫胺腈 WDG、12.5%阿维菌素·啶虫脒ME和1.8%阿维菌素EC综合防效较好,不仅速效性快,而且持效期较长,优于常用杀虫剂20%啶虫脒SP和10%吡虫啉EC。     

小麦面粉白度与色泽因子配合力及相关分析

为探讨面粉白度与色泽相关因子的遗传特性及相互关系,选择11个在面粉白度等性状方面具有不同特点的小麦品种作亲本,按5×6不完全双列杂交设计组配杂交组合,对30个F₁杂种和11个亲本的面粉白度与色泽相关因子进行了分析。结果表明,面粉白度、黄色素含量、多酚氧化酶活性在亲本表型值与其一般配合力效应值间存在显著的正相关。在亲本表型值间和一般配合力效应值间,面粉白度与黄色素含量均呈显著负相关,与多酚氧化酶活性间无显著相关性。面粉白度、黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,主要受基因加性效应影响,适合在早代进行选择。德麦3号、济麦22号和济麦20号都能较好地降低后代的黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性,是小麦白度育种中较适宜选择的亲本。在优质中强筋小麦育种中,不应过分追求面粉的白度和亮度,但可通过对低多酚氧化酶活性和低黄色素含量的选择,培育面粉色泽优良的小麦新品种。     

Integrated effect of population and weed management regimes on weed dynamics,performance, and productivity of basmati rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

Weeds caused serious problem on yield reduction of basmati rice worldwide. Losses caused by weeds varied from one country to another, depending on the presence of dominant weeds and the control methods practiced by farmers; therefore, suitable plant population and weed management practices should be adopted. Keeping these in mind, a field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 at crop Research Centre of SVPUA&T, Meerut, India comprising 4 planting geometries, viz. 20, 30, 40, and 50 hills m^?2 as main plot factor, and 5 weed management practices (Butachlor @ 1.0 kg ha^?1, Butachlor @ 1.0 kg ha^?1 fb (followed by) one hand weeding, Butachlor @ 1.0 kg ha^?1 fb Almix @ 4 g ha^?1, two hand weedings and weedy check) in a split plot design with 3 replications. Experimental results revealed that plant population of 50 hills m^?2 proved superior over that of 20 hills m^?2 in respect of weed density, weed dry weight, number of tillers m^?2, yield attributes, grain, straw, and biological yields. The maximum grain yield (29.00 and 31.00 q ha^?1) and straw yield (51.30 and 52.50 q ha^?1) were recorded in 50 hills m^?2 followed by 40 hills m^?2 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. In respect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium removal, a reverse trend was observed: the highest in 20 hills m^?2 followed by 30, 40, and 50 hills m^?2. As far as the weed management practices are concerned, both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control were found superior over weedy check. The lowest weed density, dry weight, and highest weed control efficiency, maximum length of panicle^?1, number of panicle (m²), and 1000-grain weight and grain yield of 30.40 and 32.60 q ha^?1 were recorded with two hand weedings which was at par with Butachlor @ 1.0 kg ha^?1 fb one hand weeding over rest of the weed management practices.     

Extraction of rice-planting area and identification of chilling damage by remote sensing technology: a case study of the emerging rice production region in high latitude

Rice is the second largest staple crop in the world and therefore plays an important role in food security. As a thermophilic crop, rice is sensitive to temperature changes. Thus, research on the chilling damage of rice is essential. The Sanjiang Plain is an emerging rice production area and is located at high latitudes in China, the world’s largest rice-producing country. Landsat data were used to extract rice-planting area from 1985 to 2015. MODIS 13Q1, which was uniformly distributed during the growing period of rice, was used to obtain NDVI values of paddies during 2002–2015. Dynamic Identification Index of sterile-type chilling damage and monitoring standard of delayed-type chilling damage were the proposed methods used in this paper, which were used to judge the chilling damage of rice. The results show that in the study region, the rice-planting area in 2015 is nearly 12 times larger than that in 1985. Delayed-type chilling damage occurred in 2002 and 2009, while sterile-type chilling damage occurred in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Comparing with the prevalent meteorological standards, the results indicate that the index and standards proposed in this paper are precise, applicable, and more sensitive than them. The method is a macroscopic and accurate method to identify chilling damage in rice and can also provide a scientific basis to ensuring the stability of rice yield.     

Investigating the reduction of sodium adsorption ratio from agricultural waste by rice husk in batch scale and physical model of drain envelop

Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is one of the water quality indexes that whose is important due to reuse or depletion to environment. Solutes in drain water can be controlled by adsorption, chemical or biological reaction, organic envelope of drainage. Rice husk is the common option of drainage envelops in paddy fields. In this study, the ability of reduction of SAR by rice husk was evaluated in batch scale and physical model of drain envelops. In the batch experiments, the adsorption of SAR parameters was investigated by adding 2 g of rice husk into a 100 ml of sodium chloride solution. The results indicated that rice husk absorbed calcium, magnesium and sodium, respectively. By increasing the temperature, contact time and pH, adsorption of calcium, magnesium and sodium was increased; however, the higher concentration of sodium in soil solution reduced the percentage of adsorption. In a more realistic state, physical models of subsurface drainage in the paddy fields were made. Drainage envelope treatments included of rice husk (H), combination of 20 and 60 % of husk with gravel (H₂₀G₈₀ and H₆₀G₄₀) and a pipe without envelope (NE). Due to higher drain discharge and more sodium removal (lower SAR in drain water), treatment H with the discharge of 16.2 ml/min and SAR of 1.27 (meq/l)^0.5 was better in comparison with other treatments.     

茶树雌蕊总蛋白质双向电泳分离体系的建立

为建立一套适合茶树雌蕊总蛋白质分离的双向电泳体系,对茶树雌蕊总蛋白的提取方法、SDS-PAGE凝胶浓度、聚焦条件和IPG胶条pH范围等进行了比较优化。结果表明,TCA/丙酮-clean up kit法提取总蛋白,用17 cm pH 5~8 IPG胶条,13%SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行分离,用考马斯亮蓝R250染色,可以获得清晰、分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱,共检测到约1 200个蛋白点,主要分布在pH 5~8,相对分子量14~117 kD范围内,碱性蛋白得到有效分离,可以满足茶树雌蕊的蛋白组学分析和研究。     

人性化生态型景观阳台的设计审美观

人性化生态型景观阳台已成为城市居民亲近自然的追求。依据现代设计美学原理,论述了人性化生态型景观阳台绿化和美化设计的审美形态———技术美、形式美和艺术美内涵。在此基础上,提出人性化生态型景观阳台设计美创作的方法———技术美命题设计、形式构图和语义表达、意境营造和风格表现,并结合设计实例作了分析阐述,为当今城市广泛开展的阳台绿化和美化活动提供了设计审美的依据。     

从跨文化交际的角度看维译汉中文化附加义的差异

论文以维译汉的作品为载体,从跨文化交际的角度出发,通过分析作品中词句的文化附加义的差异和对应,探讨这种差异或对应所反映出的民族文化心理,使我们更有效地把握语言与文化之间的联系,从而提高跨文化交际的能力。     

采收期对砀山酥梨果实品质和黑皮病的影响

以渭南地区砀山酥梨为试材,分5个采收期,研究采收期对其生理和品质的影响,旨在确定砀山酥梨的最适宜采收期。结果表明,随着采收期的延迟,砀山酥梨可溶性固形物(TSS)质量分数增加,果肉硬度和可滴定酸(TA)质量分数下降,风味变好。在冷藏过程中,采收期Ⅳ的砀山酥梨能保持相对较高的硬度和TSS质量分数(12.19%),黑皮病发病率和腐烂率也是最低的,仅为13.89%和5%。采收期Ⅳ贮藏效果最好,商品性最高,为最合适的采收期。