Atrophic rhinitis of swine--a multifactorial disease?

Atrophic rhinitis is caused by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida strains. The infection is supported by Bordetella bronchiseptica and other widespread agents and by non-infectious factors damaging the nasal epithelium. The term "infectious multifactorial disease" means in German, that ubiquitous low-virulent agents cause disease when intensified by non-infectious factors. Atrophic rhinitis does not belong to this group but is an infectious disease, caused by a specific agent and influenced by several factors.     

桉树的一个国内新记录病原菌

本文报道了寄生在雷林一号桉“[Eucalyptus leichou NO:1]”叶片上的一个国内新记录病原菌[Fairmaniella leprosa(Fairman)Petrak & Sydow.]的主要特征,并与已知种作了比较;文中讨论了国内外研究状况,寄主及分布。标本采集于广东省雷州林业局林科所人工桉树林。     

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains in faeces from young pigs and calves in Denmark]

A comparative study of investigations from 1970 (before the prohibition against therapeutically used antibiotics as food additives for growth promotion) and from 1978 respectively proves that the prevalence of young pigs and calves with resistant E. coli has increased significantly from 61% to 92% and from 69% to 86% (tables I and II). Figures 1 and 2 show the prevalence of young pigs and calves with antibiotic resistant E. coli with resistance determinants towards sulfonamides, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, neomycin and furazolidone. This shows that the prevalence of young pigs with resistance determinants towards sulfonamides, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol has increased significantly from 1970 to 1978. The same facts apply to the calves. However, the increase in tetracycline resistance is not significant. Neomycin resistant E. coli for both young pigs and calves were only found in 1978. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the number of resistance determinants per young pig and calf with resistant E. coli. The figure shows the significant tendency that the pigs and calves investigated contain resistant E. coli with more resistance determinants in 1978 than in 1970. The distribution of R-factors among resistant E. coli seems to be reduced at first sight but a closer examination establishes that this only goes for R-factor mediated sulfonamide resistance (the experimental conditions may account for this). R-factor mediated streptomycin resistance has increased while R-factor mediated tetracycline resistance was at the same level. On the basis of literature the causes and risks of an increased distribution of antibiotic resistant E. coli are discussed.     

Bacteria profiles in four coastal areas of East Zealand--coliform bacteria, E. coli and vibriolike organisms (VLO) (author's transl)]

The prevalence of E. coli, coliforms and Vibrio-like-organisms has been studied at four different sites along the east coast of Zealand. High values were registered in sediment taken from the water-line and at a depth of one meter. Generally there exist significant differences between the bacterial counts of water and sediment, and it is obvious that the greatest concentration is in the waterline sediment. The epidemiological and hygienic consequences of these facts are discussed.     

Investigation on the transfer of fleas among small mammals using radioactive phosphorus.

The transfer of fleas Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus etc. was investigated by labelling the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.) with radioactive phosphorus. On the one hand, the process of flea transfer was traced among different individuals of the same host species, and on the other, among different host species (C. glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis Melch.). The investigations revealed that the flea transfer in a rodent nest visited by another host depended partly on the number of fleas present in the nest, partly on the period spent by the new-comer in it. Conversely, the number of fleas transferred in the nest by the newly arrived host depended on the temperature of nest bedding and on the initial nest occupation by other host.