叶尔羌高原鳅低温下耗氧率和窒息点的研究

试验采用流水呼吸室法和静水呼吸室法测定了叶尔羌高原鳅在低温6.5~7.5℃条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明,叶尔羌高原鳅耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰在5:00左右,低谷在15:00左右,其耗氧率和窒息点随体重的增加而增加,随水温的升高而增大。叶尔羌高原鳅适应低温能力较强,适宜生长温度6~29℃,最佳生长温度8~15℃。     

虹鳟不同养殖群体形态性状变异的初步研究

本文采用鱼类形态度量学和框架度量学相结合的方法，对五个不同虹鳟养殖群体（1．渤海群体2．丹麦群体3．道氏群体4．挪威群体5．加州群体）20个比例性状进行了主成分分析，结果表明：虹鳟的形态指标大致可归纳为“大小因子”、“摄食因子”、“游泳因子”、“形态因子”和“头型因子”能较完整（82．66％）地描写虹鳟的外形特征；道氏以外的4个虹鳟群体的形态学特征存在较大的相似性，道氏群体与其他4个虹鳟群体的形态差异较大；通过比较其形态性状以便评估其种内的变异以及各个性状伴随着生长而产生的变化，为今后虹鳟的选育方案设计及选择应答的预测提供参考。     

坛紫菜叶状体的抗生素联合除菌效果

为研究坛紫菜及其外生菌群对氯霉素、竹桃霉素和头孢噻肟3种抗生素的敏感性,通过将其与氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的组合,优化坛紫菜叶状体的除菌方法,并利用涂布平板、qRT-PCR及16S rRNA测序分析其除菌效果。结果显示,当坛紫菜先以氨苄青霉素(300 mg/L)、卡那霉素(100 mg/L)和庆大霉素(100 mg/L)混合处理18 h,再以氯霉素(50 mg/L)、头孢噻肟(200 mg/L)和竹桃霉素(50 mg/L)混合处理4 d,叶状体的健康率保持在96.3%以上,而对可培养细菌的抑制率达到99.9%。根据qRT-PCR和16S rRNA的结果可知,该种组合方法较前3种抗生素的组合,其菌总数下降41.5%,微生物的丰度和多样性指数明显下降。其中,假单胞菌、交替赤杆菌、交替单胞菌以及海杆菌等得到针对性的抑制。研究表明,多种抗生素的优化组合能够对坛紫菜叶片的菌群结构产生显著影响,使其受到抑制,但仍无法达到绝对除菌的效果。     

电子鼻技术在肉与肉制品检测中的研究进展和应用展望

电子鼻因具备操作简单、能够快速、无损检测的特点,满足人们对肉与肉制品安全指标高效和高精确度检测提出了更高的要求.本文阐述了电子鼻技术的检测原理和其在硬件和软件系统方面的发展;从肉与肉制品的新鲜度检测、掺假检测、风味评价、病原微生物污染检测四个方向,对近年来电子鼻技术在肉与肉制品检测的应用研究进展进行了分析,突出了电子鼻...     

贻贝的加工利用研究进展

我国是世界贝类养殖大国,出口量相当大。其中的贻贝是我国沿海重要的一种经济贝类。目前,贻贝的加工利用研究已成为我国水产加工领域的研究热点。从贻贝的营养及药用价值、活性物质的提取技术、综合利用、加工技术与食品安全方面进行了综述,同时对贻贝加工利用中存在的问题进行探讨,对贻贝加工研究的发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

Effect of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate supplementation on growth performance,body composition,antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), in the form of l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (LAPP) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets (46% crude protein and 7.6% lipid) supplemented with graded levels of AsA (14.64, 48.55, 84.98, 308.36 and 639.27 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to five replicate groups of L. vannamei (mean initial wet weight 0.57 g). No significant differences were found on growth performance among all treatments. However, whole body lipid content significantly decreased with dietary AsA levels increasing. Activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly affected by dietary AsA levels. Shrimp fed LAPP‐free diet had higher malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with LAPP. Dietary AsA levels higher than 308.36 mg kg^?1 diet increased the survival of shrimps after 1, 2 and 3 h of acute salinity change. Broken‐line regression analysis on survival after 3 h of salinity stress and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis on glutathione reductase data indicated that the optimal dietary AsA requirement of L. vannamei was estimated to be 306.39, 319.75 mg kg^?1 diet respectively.     

白斑综合症病毒在日本囊对虾精养池塘中的动态变化

用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了高密度精养池塘中日本囊对虾体内及浮游动物白斑综合症病毒携带量的动态变化,检测结果显示,两口池塘的日本囊对虾苗种均携带白斑综合症病毒,达2.43×10~5~9.42×10~5 IU/mg;浮游动物也携带微量白斑综合症病毒,达6.78×10~2~8.02×10~2 IU/mg。在整个养殖过程中,日本囊对虾多个组织均携带白斑综合症病毒,平均病毒量为鳃肌肉肝胰腺胃;各组织病毒携带量的变化趋势不一致,肌肉、肝胰腺、胃等呈现明显的先降后升趋势,最低降至1.78×10~3 IU/mg,鳃白斑综合症病毒携带量的下降幅度较小,最低为7.29×10~4 IU/mg。浮游动物的病毒量在白斑综合症爆发前波动不明显,发病时急剧升高。综合认为,苗种携带是白斑综合症病毒的主要来源;当养殖进入中后期,底质变差、水温降至病毒适宜复制的温度时,易爆发白斑综合症。     

仔猪断奶应激及其营养调控

综述了断奶应激对仔猪的影响,分析了应激发生的原因,阐述了相应的饲养调控措施,以期为早期断奶应激综合症的防治和科学饲养管理断奶仔猪提供理论依据.