高油高产大豆新品种嫩丰19的选育

嫩丰19是黑龙江省农科院嫩江农科所育成,2005年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名推广的大豆新品种.该品种生育日数120 d,需活动积温为2 500℃,脂肪含量22.05%,2003年被列入省良种化工程项目.具有高油、耐瘠,丰产性优良等特性,适宜黑龙江省第一积温带中上等土壤肥力条件下种植.     

烤烟新品种生态适应性评价

在龙山地区对7个烤烟新品种进行了主要农艺性状、经济性状鉴定。结果表明:CY9506在产量、产值上明显高于其它几个品种;YZ9402、CY9502、CY9506上等烟比例较高,96-4上等烟比例最低;CY9506、HY-3-11、96-4内在质量较好。     

基于MATLAB的搅拌机蜗杆传动的优化设计

分析了HWL搅拌机目前存在的主要问题.在满足搅拌机工作要求的情况下,通过选取合理的设计变量和确定约束函数,建立了以蜗杆传动中心距为研究对象的优化设计数学模型,并用MATLAB算法进行了求解.计算结果表明:新的设计方案使蜗杆传动的中心距下降了20%,能缩短蜗杆传动零部件的采购周期,从而节省大量原材料和生产成本.     

pH值和Ca~（2＋）浓度对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响

本文报道了不同ｐＨ值（６．５、７．５和８．５）和不同Ｃａ２＋浓度（３８．８．６１．１和７８．８ｐｐｍ）对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响。实验结果表明，ｐＨ值对该虾的生长有一定的影响，Ｃａ２＋和ｐＨ值在影响其生长的过程中可能有一定的交互作用。ｐＨ值和Ｃａ２＋对该虾生长的影响主要是通过影响其能量摄入量实现的。本实验条件下，该虾摄入的能量平均有１５．８％用于生长，１．８％作为粪便排出体外，其余用于呼吸和排泄。     

高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理的影响

为探究高水温对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌病暴发的影响,以体质量为(62.0±3.33)g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,设置生长最适宜组(29°C)和高温应激组(33°C)2个处理水平,暂养7 d后分别进行人工感染实验统计累计死亡率,并于攻毒后0、12、24、48、96和120 h采集血液和组织样本,开展高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理影响的研究。结果显示,水温33°C高温应激组尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率显著高于29°C组;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在感染96 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;谷草转氨酶(AST)活性在感染48 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;钾(K+)和钠(Na+)含量感染120 h时29°C组的值和攻毒前都没有显著性差异,而33°C组分别显著高于和低于攻毒前;肌酐(CREA)含量在感染12 h以后33°C组的值都显著高于29°C组;白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)的值在120 h时33°C组的值显著低于29°C组;血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性29°C组随时间延长而升高,33°C组则先升高后降低,但33°C组的达峰时间更短;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化趋势都是先升高后降低再升高;组织病理学观察显示高温应激使肝细胞排列紊乱,索状结构不清,脾脏和肾脏轻微充血;感染12 h后脾脏均严重充血,感染24 h后脾脏结构均被破坏,呈淀粉样变性,坏死;感染48 h后肾小球均发生萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死;33°C组鱼的肝脏感染96 h后严重脂肪变性和细胞内玻璃样变性,而29°C组鱼的肝脏在感染120 h后才发生相似的病理变化。研究表明高温应激抑制了鱼体免疫系统,降低了尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌的抵抗力,脾脏对无乳链球菌感染响应最快,高温应激使病原菌感染对肝脏损伤更为迅速,感染后期受损更严重。     

饵料对中间球海胆品质的影响

饵料种类对中间球海胆的品质有显著影响。长期摄食鲜海带或裙带菜的海胆生殖腺呈橘红色和橘黄色,摄食孔石莼为浅橘红色和橘黄色,摄食人工配合饲料为土黄色和乳白色。长期摄食鲜海藻类的海胆生殖腺味道甜美,口感上佳;而摄食人工配合饲料的则有苦涩味。饵料种类及其交替方式决定了海胆生殖腺色泽和口感的转变速度,其中鲜海藻类间转换速度基本一致,均需60d可完成;而人工配合饲料则需80d方能完成。中间球海胆消化道的颜色更易受饵料种类的影响,其转换速度与饵料种类和交替方式无关,20d即有明显表现,40d可完成。     

无乳链球菌不同途径感染吉富罗非鱼后病原菌在体内的分布规律研究

为探讨无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp)的致病途径。采用腹腔注射、灌胃和浸泡三种方式对吉富罗非鱼进行无乳链球菌(HN016菌株)胁迫感染,利用平板活菌计数法统计三种方式感染后病原菌在体内组织的分布。注射和灌胃两种方式感染后均出现典型的链球菌感染发病症状,其中注射组在感染24 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为92.5%;灌胃组感染48 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为90%;而浸泡组,感染后均没有出现明显的发病症状,也没有出现死鱼。注射组和灌胃组在感染后2 h,其脾脏、肝脏、前肾、胃、腮、皮肤和肌肉组织中均可分离出病原菌,5 h后在脑组织中均可分离出病原菌,8 h后各组织分离出的病原菌数达到峰值;而浸泡组在感染8 h后才从各组织中分离出病原菌,且它们的数量均低于同时期的注射组和灌胃组。注射和灌胃两种方式可使吉富罗非鱼快速感染无乳链球菌而发病,而浸泡方式感染后病原菌虽可以侵入机体,但不表现出症状。由此,我们推测在自然条件下养殖的罗非鱼是通过口腔采食携带无乳,链球菌的食物而被感染。     

贝类养殖技术之五缢蛏高产养殖模式

山东省乳山市滩涂贝类养殖面积有21000亩,养殖品种有缢蛏、牡蛎、杂色蛤、文蛤等,为了进一步提高滩涂贝类养殖的产量和效益,水产科技人员在不断提高养殖技术水平的同时,一直潜心探索和实践缢蛏高产养殖模式,并取得了显著的成效,缢蛏亩产量达3000kg,亩纯利润1万多元。现将缢蛏高产养殖模式介绍如下:一、滩质改良由于年复一年的不间断养殖,滩涂出现老化状态,使得滩涂生产能力大大降低,尤其是夏季高温季节,滩涂养殖的缢蛏出现大面积死亡现象,不仅造成了巨大的经济损失,而且因缢蛏的死亡对滩涂造成严重的污染,同时死亡壳体沉积于滩涂的底质中,使…     

亚硝酸盐在水生动物体内的吸收机制及蓄积的影响因素

亚硝酸盐是水产养殖系统中一种潜在的污染物,淡水鱼类通过鳃主动吸收亚硝酸盐,导致体内亚硝酸盐的浓度过高。海水鱼类对亚硝酸盐的敏感性较低,但仍可以通过肠和鳃吸收亚硝酸盐。影响亚硝酸盐在体内蓄积的因素很多,文章就亚硝酸盐在水生动物体内的吸收及蓄积的影响因素这2个方面进行了论述。     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.