番鸭在南京地区的适应性观察

番鸭在南京地区进行冬、夏两批饲养,均有较强的适应性。试验结果表明:冬、夏两 批饲养的番鸭只平均重量差异不显著(P>0．05)。夏季与冬季的料重比分别为1:2．62和1: 3．07,冬季饲养的鸭子饲料利用率低,料重比大于夏季。冬季在塑料大棚中饲养番鸭精饲料减 少1／3,添加青粗饲料能达到同样的增重效果。温度与增重无相关关系,相对湿度与番鸭的增 重呈负相关(P<0．01)。鸭舍内平均温度在11．05℃-30．93℃之间,相对湿度在76．28％以 下,番鸭能正常生长发育。环境温度在9．8℃以下,番鸭的生长发育受阻,饲料利用率降低。相 对湿度在77％以上,其增重受到影响。特别在低温高湿的环境中,严重地影响番鸭的生长。在 相同的饲养期内,周平均温度9．8℃,平均相对湿度91％,番鸭周平均增重22 g,周平均温度 27．42℃,平均相对湿度71．29％,番鸭周平均增重355 g,相差333 g(P<0．01)。     

溪岸蠼螋对棉铃虫的捕食能力

为明确棉田溪岸蠼螋 Labidura riparia 对棉铃虫的控害潜能, 在实验室条件下观察和测定了溪岸蠼螋不同龄期的若虫、雌雄成虫对棉铃虫幼虫、蛹和成虫的捕食能力以及其5龄若虫和雌雄成虫的捕食选择性。结果表明:不同发育阶段的溪岸蠼螋都不捕食棉铃虫完整的蛹体, 但对棉铃虫幼虫和成虫都具有较强的捕食能力。其中, 雌性溪岸蠼螋成虫的捕食能力最强, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量最大, 为(31.3±1.1)头。1龄溪岸蠼螋若虫也具有一定的捕食能力, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量为(1.7±0.7)头。不同龄期的溪岸蠼螋对相同龄期棉铃虫幼虫的捕食能力随龄期增加而增大。对1~3龄棉铃虫幼虫,溪岸蠼螋雌成虫捕食能力最强,其次是溪岸蠼螋雄成虫,再次是溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫。但是,对棉铃虫4~6龄幼虫和雌雄成虫,溪岸蠼螋雌雄成虫和5龄若虫的捕食量差异不显著。捕食选择试验表明:溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对棉铃虫1～4龄幼虫均表现正喜好性, 对5～6龄棉铃虫幼虫和雌雄成虫表现负喜好性。     

莱氏野村菌CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的侵染研究

以莱氏野村菌Nomuraea riley CQNr01菌株接种斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 2龄和4龄幼虫,观察感病率,并利用荧光染色观察菌株在幼虫离体表皮上的孢子萌发和附着胞产生情况。结果显示,菌株CQNr01孢子悬液浓度为1×10^8、1×10^9孢子·mL^-1时斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的累计死亡率分别为86.58%和89.91%,而4龄则只有13.33%和16.67%。菌株CQNr01的孢子能够成功附着在斜纹夜蛾幼虫的离体表皮上,但孢子在2龄幼虫表皮的粘附能力优于4龄幼虫;接种24 h起两个龄期的离体表皮上均开始有孢子萌发现象并有附着胞和芽管产生,并随着接种时间的增长芽管不断伸长,但相同接种时间下孢子在2龄幼虫表皮上的萌发率和附着胞产生数量明显多于4龄幼虫表皮。研究证明菌株CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾高龄和低龄幼虫的致病力差异显著,其差异主要源于斜纹夜蛾幼虫体壁的屏障作用。     

浅埋滴灌水氮运筹对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用二因素二次饱和D-最优设计,于2016-2017年在辽西半干旱区移动遮雨棚内进行了水氮精量控制试验,设灌溉量和施氮量2个因素,灌溉量分别设145.4、271.7、348.2、436.2 mm 4个水平,施氮量分别设0、84.6、136.1、195.0 kg·hm^-2 4个水平,共6个处理。试验分析了水氮交互作用对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响,建立了产量回归模型。研究结果表明：浅埋滴灌条件下,灌溉量在145.4~350.5 mm时,春玉米产量随灌溉量的增加而增高至11 005.60 kg·hm^-2;灌溉量在350.5~436.2 mm时,产量随灌溉量的增加而降低至10 730.09 kg·hm^-2;施氮量在0~146.9 kg·hm^-2时,产量随施氮量的增加而增高至10 983.19 kg·hm^-2,施氮量在146.9~195.0 kg·hm^-2时,产量随施氮量的增加而降低至10 862.39 kg·hm^-2。灌溉量因素的影响大于施氮量,水氮之间有明显的正向交互效应,当灌溉量为373.1 mm,施氮量为165.6 kg·hm^-2时产量最高。作物耗水量在拔节-抽雄期和灌浆-收获期较大,分别为115.64、127.50 mm;水分利用效率随灌溉量的增加呈逐渐降低趋势,降低幅度达到52.21%,随着施氮量的增加则呈先升高后降低趋势,增幅为14.73%~20.08%;其中处理6（灌溉量348.2 mm,施氮量195.0 kg·hm^-2)最利于水分利用效率的提高。综合产量和水分利用效率两方面的因素,初步建立了春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮施用优化模式,参数组合为灌溉量348.2 mm、施氮量165.6 kg·hm^-2。     

麦长管蚜自然种群结构动态的初步研究

采用田间系统调查的方法,观察了麦长管蚜在小麦拔节期一成熟期种群结构的动态.结果显示,麦长管蚜在种群发展过程中世代重叠,内部组成结构是一个有翅型与无翅型、成虫与若虫并存的混合体;各组分占种群的比例不均等.并随着小麦生育期和麦蚜种群发展过程而变化.在小麦乳熟期,翅型和虫态结构的比例表现为有翅型高于无翅型.若虫低于成虫.在其他生育期,则有翅型低于无翅型,低龄若虫>成虫>高龄若虫.结果表明,麦长管蚜内部结构的比例动态与小麦生育期关系密切,其组成结构特征直接反映了麦长管蚜种群的兴衰.     

竹红菌甲素及其环糊精包合物稳定性与抑菌活性研究

为解决竹红菌甲素(HA)做为光活化农药易降解与难溶于水的瓶颈问题,本文通过振荡培养法制备竹红菌甲素羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物水溶液(HA-HP-β-CD),采用紫外分光光度法测定HA乙醇水溶液(HA-E-W)与HA-HP-β-CD中HA的稳定性;菌丝生长速率法测定两者抑菌率。结果表明,水、氧气和光照均能促进HA降解,环糊精包合能显著提高HA的抑菌率与光热稳定性。26℃、12000 Lx光照处理10 h,HA乙醇溶液(HA-E)、HA-E-W与HA-HP-β-CD中HA保留率分别为92.1%、39.0%与83.6%;HA-E-W去除氧气后HA保留率达99.6%。黑暗条件下26与50℃处理10 h后,HA-E-W中HA保留率分别为94.9%与57.1%,而50℃处理10 h后,HA-HP-β-CD中HA保留率可达95.3%。26℃、12000 Lx处理6 d,浓度10 mg/L的HA-HP-β-CD对苹果腐烂病菌和山核桃干腐病菌的抑菌率分别为93.1%和37.3%,均极显著高于HA-E-W对两种病原菌的抑菌率68.7%和25.4%。可见,环糊精包合是HA绿色农药制备的一种有效方式。     

Influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand in the Qarhan Desert,Qaidam Basin of China: A wind tunnel experiment

Determination of the threshold shear velocity is essential for predicting sand transport, dust release and desertification. In this study, a wind tunnel experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of salinity and moisture on the threshold shear velocity of saline sand. Saline sand samples (mean particle size of 164.50-186.08 μm and the total silt, clay and salt content of 0.80%-8.25%) were collected from three saline sand dunes (one barchan dune and two linear dunes) in the Qarhan Desert, Qaidam Basin of China. Original saline sand samples were placed in two experimental trays for wet and dry processing to simulate deliquescence and desiccation, respectively. Surface moisture content ranging from 0.30% to 1.90% was generated by the steam method so that the saline sand can absorb water in a saturated water vapor environment. The motion of sand particles was determined by the observers with a solid laser. The laser sheet (0.80 cm thick), which was emitted by the solid laser, horizontally covered the sand surface and was bound to the sand. Results show that the cohesion of saline sand results from a combination of salt and water. The threshold shear velocity increases exponentially with the increase in crust thickness for the linear sand dunes. There is a positive linear correlation between the original moisture content and relative threshold shear velocity. The threshold shear velocity of dewatered sand is greater than that of wet sand with the same original moisture content. Our results will provide valuable information about the sand transport of highly saline soil in the desert.     

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD through targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIM: To explore the effect of shikonin on rat primary cortical neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury model.METHODS: The neurons were pretreated with shikonin at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μmol/L) followed by treatment with OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) double staining were used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis, and then the optimal concentration of shikonin was determined. LY294002 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, 1 μmol/L) was added before the addition of shikonin, and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons was determined by Wes-tern blot. LDH release assay and FDA/PI double staining were also used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis.RESULTS: A certain concentration (0.2~20 μmol/L) of shikonin increased the viability of impaired neurons (P<0.05) and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons (P<0.05). The effect of shikonin on neuronal p-Akt (Ser473) levels and the cell death were blocked by LY294002 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of shikonin reduces OGD-induced apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

水稻粳糯杂交新组合的选育及其特征特性

选用综合农艺性状优良的粳型寒丰糯（HFWx）,与同型的寒丰不育系（HFA）进行杂交、回交转育成粳型糯质新不育系寒丰糯A（HFwxA）,与自主选育的粳型糯质恢复系糯恢2号配组育成了杂交粳型糯稻新组合糯杂2号。小区试验和生产示范结果表明,该组合具有高产、优质、抗性强等特点。介绍了糯杂2号的选育经过、产量表现和特征特性。     

氨基脲人工抗原的合成及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的合成氨基脲人工抗原并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以氨基脲(SEM)和对醛基苯甲酸(CP)为原料合成半抗原(CP-SEM),并采用碳化二亚胺法和混合酸酐法将其分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成氨基脲人工抗原。以氨基脲人工抗原(CPSEM-BSA)为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA法测定其抗体效价。结果经薄层层析、红外光谱和元素分析等方法鉴定合成半抗原即为CP-SEM。紫外扫描、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明人工抗原合成成功。免疫获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体,其抗体效价为1:64000。结论氨基脲人工抗原合成成功,并获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体。