从三个层面突破"最后一公里"

社会的进步,知识经济的初现端倪,使人们开始注意到了传统经济增长理论的一个缺陷.过去的经济增长理论只是将土地、人和资本作为生产要素,而将知识作为一个外在余值.由于知识包含了人类对自然和社会的所有认知和适应,是真正意义上的生产要素.离开知识就不会有经济增长,而经济增长的过程实质上就是一个知识增长的过程.科技部提供的一组数据,也直观地说明了科技对促进农业生产的作用：“十五”前3年,新培育出农作物新品种800多个,平均增产10%以上;粮食超高产栽培技术取得重大突破,三熟地区试验田667m^2产量已接近1 900 kg;重大动植物病虫害防治技术有效增强了对突发性动植物病虫害的防控能力,每年可挽回粮食损失2 500万t.     

母猪饲料中添加中药“泻康宁”对仔猪黄白痢的治疗试验

由埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的仔猪黄白痢会导致机体水分和电解质大量丧失 ,使机体衰弱甚至死亡 ,从而造成很大的经济损失。目前 ,大肠杆菌引起的仔猪黄白痢已成为影响仔猪发育和育成的重要疾病之一 ,成为养猪业的一大障碍。虽然应用抗生素、磺胺类药物和抗菌增效剂等治疗仔猪黄白痢有一定的疗效 ,但由于大肠杆菌具有很强的变异性 ,易产生抗药性而影响治疗效果 ,而且 ,有的药物还会在体内蓄积 ,给人类的健康带来危害 ,正因为如此 ,人们开始寻找新的无公害的药物。实验研究发现 ,中草药不仅能够促进畜禽生长发育和提高生产性能 ,调节动物机体的新陈…     

金盘电子阅览室管理系统在我馆的应用

电子阅览室的出现是现代图书馆的一个重要标志。本文简要介绍了金盘电子阅览室管理系统(GoldDiskElectronicReadingroomSystem2003简称GDERS2003),包括该系统的功能及在我馆的应用情况。     

沙棘叶中4，4′-二羟基-2′-甲氧基查耳酮的分离与鉴定

利用硅胶柱和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析，从沙棘叶子中分离并鉴定出黄酮类成分，进一步分离得到4，4′-二羟基-2′-甲氧基查耳酮，并对其结构进行了结构鉴定。     

ERP系统中设备维修计划的研究

在制造企业设备的使用过程中,设备维修计划成了各种设备管理系统所公认的管理重点,这就更需要设备维修活动在企业内部能形成一个有计划、有步骤的活动。为此,简要介绍了作为ERP管理系统中的子系统一设备管理系统的主要目标,着重讨论了设备管理系统的管理重点一维修计划新思想的形成以及制定维修计划的步骤。     

乳酸菌与中药合生元对肉鸡生长性能及饲料利用率的影响

本试验分别向肉仔鸡日粮中添加等量的抗生素和乳酸菌与中药合生元制剂,通过测定肉仔鸡的各项生长指标和饲料利用率指标,探讨乳酸菌与中药合生元在肉鸡生长和饲料利用率方面替代抗生素的优势.结果表明,试验组与对照组在生长性能和饲料利用率上各指标均差异不显著（P〉0.05）,说明乳酸菌与中药合生元可以替代抗生素饲喂给肉仔鸡.     

Estimation of the costs of mastitis, using National Animal Health Monitoring System and milk somatic cell count data

Data collected by the National Animal Health Monitoring System in Ohio for a 12-month period during 1986 and 1987 were used to determine the relative magnitude of costs associated with mastitis in the following categories: milk production loss, veterinary services, drugs, producer labor, and "other" factors. The cost of milk loss associated with mastitis that was reported by producers cooperating in the National Animal Health Monitoring System program was compared with estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts and individual cow milk somatic cell counts. Using producer-reported estimates, milk loss accounted for about one third of the total cost associated with mastitis. When estimates of milk loss were replaced by estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts, milk loss accounted for over 80% of the total cost of mastitis. Estimates of the cost of milk loss based on studies relating milk yield to somatic cell counts differed considerably. Consequently, it was unclear how to best estimate the relative magnitude of the milk loss component of mastitis costs.     

Synergism in fungicide mixtures againstPseudoperonospora Cubensis

Mixtures of cymoxanil with mancozeb (Mancur) or with mancozeb plus oxadixyl (Pulsan, Sandocur-M) were effective in controlling either metalaxyl-sensitive (MS) or -resistant (MR) isolates ofPseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumbers (cv. ‘Elem’) in growth chambers. Metalaxyl+mancozeb (Ridomil-MZ) and oxadixyl+mancozeb (SAN-518) mixtures were effective against the metalaxyl-sensitive but less so against the metalaxyl-resistant isolate. Fungicide mixtures were far more effective in controlling either the sensitive or the resistant isolates than were the individual components applied alone, thereby representing significant levels of synergistic interactions. Increased efficacy of mixtures relative to their combined components (synergy factor) was calculated by the Wadley method. Mixtures containing cymoxanil showed high synergy factors against the resistant isolate, whereas Ridomil-MZ and SAN-518 did not evince this phenomenon. We concluded that cymoxanil mixtures might be suitable for the control of downy mildew incited by a metalaxyl-resistant isolate ofP. cubensis.     

Characterization of staphylococci associated with clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis

Attempts were made to identify 900 species of staphylococci or micrococci recovered from samples of bovine milk examined for mastitis pathogens. The presence and identity of haemolysins was recorded together with results of disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity tests. The occurrence of clinical mastitis was also noted and somatic cell counts (SCC) were performed on milk samples which were normal in appearance. Eight hundred and thirty-one coagulase positive staphylococci were obtained, of which 810 were S. aureus and 21 were S. intermedius. Of 65 coagulase negative staphylococci the species of 19 could not be determined by the identification systems used. The remainder were identified as S. hyicus sub sp. hyicus (1), S. hyicus sub sp. chromogenes (19), S. haemolyticus (17), S. hominis (3), S. epidermidis (4), S. capitis (1) and either S. hominis or S. warneri (1). Four other isolates could not clearly be assigned to the genus Staphylococcus or Micrococcus and were designated irregular strains. No micrococci were identified. The presence of alpha, beta, or delta haemolysins occurring singly or in various combinations was identified in 98.3% of coagulase positive staphylococci and in 60% of coagulase negative staphylococci. Epsilon haemolysin was detected in 47.6% of the coagulase negative staphylococci and in 9.5% of S. intermedius. All staphylococci were sensitive to tetracycline (30 microg), novobiocin (1.6 microg), nafcillin (30 microg), methicillin (10 microg) and cephalothin (30 microg) and variable numbers of each species were sensitive to penicillin (2 iu) and streptomycin (10 microg). One non-identified species of coagulase negative staphylococcus was sensitive to erythromycin (0.4 microg) the remaining staphylococci were resistant. Each of the four irregular strains was sensitive to erythromycin and novobiocin. Clinical mastitis was associated with 30.6% of coagulase positive staphylococci, 15.3% of coagulase negative staphylococci, and two of the four irregular strains (50%). Subclinical mastitis as determined by SCC of 500 x 10(3) or greater was associated with 92.7% of coagulase positive and 37.5% of coagulase negative staphylococci.