根结线虫拮抗放线菌的筛选及菌株HA10002的鉴定与活性物质分析

为了筛选获得对根结线虫具有拮抗能力的强活性放线菌菌株,并从菌株中发现新的杀线虫活性化合物,从海南东寨港红树林采集海泥样品9份,从五指山原始森林等地采集土壤样品51份,用平板稀释法对海泥和土壤样品进行分离;以南方根结线虫2龄幼虫为靶标线虫,采用24孔细胞培养板液体线虫法进行初筛和复筛;根据形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列对复筛出的活性菌株进行鉴定;菌株发酵液经溶媒萃取、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH 20凝胶过滤和制备薄层板层析,采用活性跟踪法从中分离纯化杀线虫活性化合物;化合物经光谱及波谱分析和文献对照,进行结构鉴定。从60份样品中分离得到356株菌落形态有差异的放线菌。初筛得到16株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株,复筛获得3株线虫校正死亡率在95%以上的菌株,其中分离自海泥样品中的菌株HA10002抗线虫活性最强,发酵原液的校正死亡率达100%。HA10002经鉴定为白浅灰链霉菌,从其发酵液中分离获得2个活性化合物,其中A26 3为Nocardamine,A22 1的结构正在进一步鉴定中。上述结果表明,筛选出的放线菌HA10002能合成2种以上杀根结线虫的活性代谢产物,是一株遗传稳定且具有开发潜力的活性菌株。     

多效唑对山楂生长和结果的影响

用不同剂量多效唑对‘敞口’山植进行土施或叶面喷施,结果表明其可明显抑制新梢生长,节间缩短,节数减少,叶面积减小,而比叶重和叶绿素含量增加。明显促进花芽分化而降低座果率。喷施50 ppm 赤霉素一次,可提高座果率但不消除多效唑对营养生长的抑制作用。处理可使果实变小,果形变扁,对果中糖、酸、果胶和 VC 含量无明显影响。讨论了适宜用量和方法。     

High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China

Escherichia coli play an important ecological role within resistant bacteria populations, and can be used as a bio-indicator of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the present study was to use this feature of E. coli to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the degree of cross-species transmission of bacteria in pigs and poultry in China. A total of 592 E. coli strains, isolated from pigs and poultry (healthy and diseased animals), were tested for resistance to 22 antimicrobials representing eight antimicrobial drug types.E. coli isolates had high rates of resistance to ampicillin (99.5%), doxycycline (95.6%), tetracycline (93.4%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (74.3%), amoxicillin (65.1%), streptomycin (54.7%), and chloramphenicol (50.2%). Resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides was also quite prevalent. The majority (81%) of isolates demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance, most commonly to 5–6 different antimicrobial types. One isolate was resistant to all 22 antimicrobials. Twenty-two cultures exhibiting multi-antimicrobial resistance were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess their distribution between farms. Three distinct PFGE types were identified, indicating inter-farm transmission of multi-antimicrobial resistant bacteria. The study confirmed the presence and transmission of multi-antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains amongst pigs and poultry in China and highlights the urgent need for appropriate monitoring programmes.     

新疆大叶紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa.L)子叶、下胚轴、根的植株再生

随着植物抗逆性研究和植物转基因技术的发展,通过异源目的基因转化培育耐盐碱苜蓿品种的研究已引起人们的关注,植物受体高频再生体系的建立是异源转化高效的基础。选取新疆大叶紫花苜蓿种子萌发5～7d无菌苗的子叶、下胚轴及根为外植体,诱导愈伤培养基为MS 2,4-D0.1～3.0mg/L(8种不同水平)或MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L KT0.01～0.5mg/L(10种不同水平),诱导芽培养基为MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L,生根培养基为MS。结果表明,外植体在MS 2,4-D2.0mg/L KT0.2mg/L培养基中能够产生状态较好可再分化的愈伤组织,子叶、下胚轴、根的平均出愈率分别为93.1%、100%、100%。愈伤组织在MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L培养基中培养40～80d中均可分化芽,子叶、下胚轴、根的芽平均分化率为50%、78%、50%,将2cm以上的芽转入MS培养基中诱导生根,14d后,生根的小植株炼苗移入花土中,成活率达90%以上。子叶、下胚轴、根在该体系中均能获得再生植株,根也是一种较好的植株再生材料,以根为外植体进行植株再生的研究报道还较少。     

香蕉茎尖的玻璃化法超低温保存及其植株再生

 以香蕉(Musa spp. ) 为试材, 对其离体培养茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存影响因素进行研究。结果表明, 不定芽在MS + 3.0～5.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA的培养基上分化较好。香蕉茎尖超低温保存较佳体系是: 2.0～3.0 cm的茎尖在含0.4 mol/L蔗糖培养基上预培养2 d, 剥取带1～2个叶原基的茎尖(长1.0～1.5 mm) , 室温(25℃) 下装载液(MS + 2 mol/L甘油+ 0.4 mol/L蔗糖) 装载20～30 min, 然后用玻璃化溶液( PVS2 ) 于0℃下处理40 min, 换1次PVS2后迅速投入液氮。保存至少1 h后, 在40℃水浴中化冻90 s, 用1.2 mol/L蔗糖培养液洗涤2次, 每次10 min, 然后转入含0.3 mol /L蔗糖的MS培养基上,暗培养10～15 h后转移到含0.5 mg/L 62BA的MS培养基中, 暗培养1周后转移到正常光下, 3个香蕉品种(巴西蕉、广东香蕉2 号、广东粉蕉1 号) 的成活率分别为75.9%、40.0%和69.6% , 再生率分别为63.4%、35.0%和63.4%。再生植株生长和分化正常, 生根后可移栽成活。     

基于空间自相关模型的南极半岛北部水域南极磷虾渔场时空演变特征

南极磷虾是南极海域生态系统的关键物种,是南极渔业的主要捕捞对象,其渔场具有显著的时空分布特征.为明晰南极半岛北部水域磷虾渔场的变动情况,本研究根据中国2010—2020年南极磷虾渔业统计资料,运用全局Moran's I指数和热点分析对该水域磷虾渔场的时空分布特征进行了分析.结果显示,南极半岛北部水域磷虾渔获量在空间分布...     

我国西北地区牧草种子生产现状及存在问题浅析

调查了牧草种子生产现状及存在问题。结果表明：我国西北地区的栽培牧草包括豆科、禾本科、藜科、菊科、苋科、紫草科、十字花科、鸢尾科等９科３６属５３种。其中：豆科牧草１３属２１种；禾本科牧草１６属２５种；其它科牧草７属７种。该区栽培牧草总面积约为１５０万ｈｍ＾２，其中主要豆科牧草占７１％，主要禾本科牧草占１０．５％。主要豆科牧草为紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、草木樨、箭舌豌豆、红豆草、柠条和小冠花。主要禾本科牧草为     

Identification of insulin-like growth factor I gene polymorphisms using high-resolution melting and its effect on growth traits in sinipercid species

The aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene and analyze the potential association between IGF-I gene polymorphisms and growth traits in a crossing sinipercid population. Two SNPs (g.A321G, g.A537G) within five exons of the IGF-I gene were tested for association with four growth traits in 250 individuals using the high-resolution melting method. The association analysis of SNPs of IGF-I gene with the four growth traits was carried out using General Linear Model estimation. Results indicated that SNP1 in exon3 of the IGF-I gene was significantly associated with body weight (P < 0.05), body length (P < 0.05) and body width (P < 0.05), and SNP2 in exon5 of the IGF-I gene was significantly associated with body weight (P < 0.05), body depth (P < 0.05) and body width (P < 0.05) in a sinipercid population. The individuals of genotype AA or AG in loci SNP1 and SNP2 grew faster than those of genotype GG. Diplotypes did not show significant effects on growth traits. These findings implied that the two SNPs of the IGF-I gene affecting growth traits could be potential quantitative trait nucleotides and would be useful genetic markers in the selection of some growth traits for developing improved culture lines of sinipercid species in China.     

农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机的设计

为了准确测试农机具材料在土壤环境中的摩擦磨损性能,设计了一种农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机。该机由机架、传动机构、圆形土槽、仿形装置、试样装夹装置、回土装置和压实装置构成,具有零部件结构简单、测量参数易于控制调节和测试结果准确的特点,适于装备实验室作为农机具耐磨材料开发过程中的快速测试设备来使用。     

限制人工杉木林生长的土壤因子

福建省来舟林业试验场３６个固定标准地的杉木林分生长与林下土壤的调查分析结果显示，制约传统模式培育的杉木林的生长的主要土壤因子是土壤原有全氮、速效磷、土层厚度和腐殖质层厚度．其中土壤氮磷属较易人工控制因子，为进一步提高人工杉木林生产力，调节土壤氮磷水平可能为其重要途径之一．