内蒙古阿拉善左旗4年采用机械模拟飞播牧草效益调查

阿拉善左旗４年机械模拟飞播牧草累计面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,实播面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,１９９７年１０月调查,保存面积为２９７０ｈｍ＾２,保存面积率为９９．７％,４年来播区植被盖度提高８．９６倍,有苗面积率提高３１．５３倍,牧草产量提高３５．９１倍,第一性生产产值和第二性生产产值分别是飞播总投资的０．６７倍和０．９７倍,机械模拟飞播牧草表现出明显的经济效益、生产效益和社会效益。     

放牧强度对克氏针茅草原植物功能群的影响

植物功能群及其多样性是维持群落结构复杂性和稳定性的基础,一定程度上反映着草地生态系统的健康状况。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原的克鲁伦河流域草原为研究对象,以植物生活型划分功能群类型,比较了3种放牧强度对植物功能群的组成结构、地上生物量和优势度的影响。结果表明,1)轻牧、中牧和重牧3种放牧条件下的总物种数分别为20、23和18种,符合"中度干扰假说";3种放牧强度下多年生非禾草物种数在群落中均占较高比例。2)轻度放牧条件下物种丰富度较低,但各放牧强度下功能群多样性无显著差异(P0.05),物种丰富度与功能群多样性无显著关系。3)随着放牧强度的增加,多年生禾草和灌木、半灌木在群落中的优势地位呈现下降趋势,与之相反,多年生非禾草优势地位越来越显著。重度放牧增加了一、二年生草本在群落中的物种数和地上生物量,但与轻牧、中牧相比,其优势度无显著变化(P0.05)。     

肉仔鸡低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征的流行病学分析和病原初探

自2003年6月份以来，在我国北方肉鸡饲养基地普遍流行了一种主要侵害肉仔鸡的疾病，低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征(HSMS)。HSMS发病日龄集中于10～18日龄．临床表现为突然出现的高死亡率，病鸡头部震颤、运动失调、昏迷、失明、死亡。先后对黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、天津、河北、山东等省进行调查．发现HSMS在这几个省的很多肉鸡饲养区广泛存在。对发生该病的259个肉鸡饲养户的调查结果显示．该病与祖代种鸡没有关系．病原可能来自受污染的父母代种鸡场。平均发病率为17．9％。发病鸡群血糖浓度极显著的下降。从2个发病鸡群的病鸡肠道内容物中观察到病毒颗粒．病毒呈多形性．有囊膜，直径约80-100nm，表面有棒状纤突，长约10-20nm．与冠状病毒类似。     

院士谈21世纪新疆蚕业的发展思路

中国工程院院士,农业部蚕桑学重点开放实验室主任、博士生导师,中国蚕丝学会理事长,西南大学教授向仲怀先生与农业部蚕桑学重点开放实验室副主任、教授、博士生导师,西南大学蚕学与生物技术学院院长,家蚕国家重大基础研究项目首席科学家夏庆友博士一行4人,于2005年9月25日至30日对"丝绸之路"西部重镇-新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番地区绿州农业及和田地区的栽桑养蚕情况和桑树生态环境进行了为期4天的实地考察研究.考察期间向仲怀院士和夏庆友院长与新疆维吾尔自治区科学技术厅、农业厅、自治区和田蚕桑科学研究所、和田地区行政公署、新疆金怡丝绸进出口贸易公司、和田沙驼丝绸有限责任公司、和田玉圣科技有限责任公司等政府、企业有关单位领导进行了座谈并作了"中国家蚕基因组计划与21世纪新的丝绸之路"学术报告.针对实际情况,院士探讨21世纪的新疆蚕业.     

于娜与『大饼』

带犬女民警于娜,今年24岁,是北京市公安局刑侦总队警犬侦查训练大队的侦查员。     

英国家禽业发展现状

1 英国家禽业概况 　　1.1 基本情况 　　英国家禽业在过去的20年里发展迅速,到2005年各种家禽产量如下:鸡8.5亿只,火鸡2 000万只,鸭1 900万只,鹅10万只.这种快速增长很大部分是由于肉鸡数量的加倍增长导致禽肉人均消费增长所致,在英国超过90%的禽肉消费来源于本国生产,而母鸡繁殖力的增强则保证了产蛋量的相应增加. 　　……     

多角体蛋白基因核苷酸序列对HBsAg(PreS2+S)在家蚕中表达的作用

应用PCR突变的方法 ,在乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)前S2序列的 5’端融合了BmNPV多角体蛋白基因5’端的 12个碱基 ,获得了融合乙肝表面抗原中蛋白基因 (HBMp) ;通过同源重组将其插入到BmNPV基因组多角体启动子后 ,构建了重组杆状病毒BmPAK HBMp。用重组病毒BmPAK HBMp和BmPAK HBM(带有非融合乙肝表面抗原中蛋白基因 )感染家蚕细胞及蛹 ,对两种病毒的表达产物用ELISA进行了跟踪检测 ,结果表明融合蛋白比非融合蛋白HBsAg活性提高了 6 0 %～ 80 % ,作为HBsAg构成部分的PreS2抗原性提高了 8～ 10倍 ;并且HBsAg和PreS2 Ag表达的时相曲线不同 ,PreS2 Ag的表达量比HBsAg早 1～ 2d达到最大值。ELISA检测和Westernblotting分析表明 ,多角体基因序列的存在更有利于中蛋白全基因 (PreS2 +S)的表达。     

Rapid identification of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates associated with diarrhoea in Queensland piggeries

OBJECTIVE: To identify virulence genes in enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) isolates associated with diarrhoea in neonatal, 1 to 3 week-old and weaned pigs in southeast Queensland. DESIGN: Multiplex PCR and serotyping were applied to E coli isolates obtained over a 5-year period (1998-2002) from cases diagnosed at Toowoomba Veterinary Laboratory. PROCEDURE: A total of 126 isolates from 25 different Queensland piggeries were tested for haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar and by multiplex PCR for the presence of five commonly recognised fimbrial (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18) and three enterotoxin genes (STa, STb, LT). A subset of 62 representative isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination. For comparative purposes, multiplex PCR was also performed on the DNA of 31 ETEC isolates from 9 serotypes originating from piggeries in southern New South Wales. RESULTS: A total of 113 (89.7%) of the isolates from Queensland possessed ETEC virulence genes, including 14 of 15 isolates from neonatal pigs (93.3%), 18 of 23 isolates from 1 to 3 week old pigs (78.3%) and 81 of 88 isolates from weaned pigs (92.1%). F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) was the most prevalent pathotype in neonatal and 1-3 week old pigs and F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) and F18:STa:STb:LT (serotype O141) were most prevalent in weaned pigs. In comparison, isolates obtained from neonatal pigs from New South Wales belonged to a more diverse range of pathotypes and serotypes. CONCLUSION: Multiplex PCR was a rapid and specific method for detecting the presence of ETEC virulence genes in porcine E coli isolates. For isolates obtained from cases of suspected colibacillosis in Queensland, growth of a heavy pure culture of haemolytic E coli was a sensitive prognostic indicator of the presence of ETEC virulence genes in the isolate. ETEC pathotypes and serotypes remained stable in Queensland piggeries over the five-year study period and appear to have changed little over the last three decades.     

猕猴A群链球菌感染的调查与控制

2002年3月—2003年4月，广东某地多个猕猴养殖场猕猴发生传染性肺炎和出血性胃肠炎，部分猕猴因此而死亡。经病原学检查，证实病原主要为A群链球菌，2个养殖场为A群链球球和普通变形杆菌混合感染。通过使用恩诺沙星治疗发病动物、使用链球菌灭活疫苗进行免疫、场舍定期消毒，有效地控制了疾病。现报道如下。     

Effect of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on porcine preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and stimulation of granulosal cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in vitro

The object of this study was to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and IGF-I in the regulation of preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and granulosal cell proliferation/ apoptosis. Porcine preantral follicles were manually dissected and cultured for up to 8 d in Waymouth's (Exp. 1) or alpha-minimum Eagle's essential medium (Exp. 2 and 3) supplemented with 10 microg/mL of transferrin, 100 microg/mL of L-ascorbic acid, and 2 mU/mL of ovine FSH, in the presence (Exp. 1 and 3) or absence (Exp. 2) of 7.5% fetal calf serum. According to the experimental protocol, IGF-I (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL; Exp. 1), or IGF-I (50 ng/mL), EGF (10 ng/mL) and EGF+IGF-I (Exp. 2 and 3) were added to the culture media. In Exp. 1, follicles exhibited a concentration-dependent response (P < 0.05) to IGF-I, with the highest rates of granulosal cell proliferation, follicular integrity, and recovery rate of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and lowest incidence of apoptosis occurring at the highest IGF-I dose. In Exp. 2 serum-free medium, granulosal cell proliferation was low (1 to 5%), irrespective of whether EGF and/or IGF-I were present and cellular apoptosis was increased (P < 0.05) on d 4 and 8 in the EGF+IGF-I group compared with the addition of either factor alone. In Exp. 3, granulosal cell proliferation was high in all follicles cultured in serum-containing medium for the first 3 d, but fell sharply (P < 0.05) on d 4, except in media containing IGF-I. Collectively, EGF and IGF-I increased granulosal cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and promoted follicular antrum formation. These results may provide useful information for developing a preantral follicular culture system in which the oocytes are capable of fertilization and embryonic development.