2019年我国大拖销量微增3.1%,中拖强势回暖

2019年规模以上农机企业营业总收入为2 464 67亿元,同比2018年下降4.43%,为负数增长.作为我国农机工业最为重要的拖拉机产业,2019年分功率段也出现市场冷热不均的现象. 据中国农业机械工业协会发布的数据,2019年12月,在协会统计的骨干企业中,大型拖拉机、中型拖拉机和小型拖拉机,分别生产3 516台、14 738台和1291台,较2018年12月分别同比增长56.3%、60.9%和-16.1%.     

Effects of Interaction of Soil Moisture and Organic Matter on Powdery Mildew Disease and Growth of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance

Taking annual Heracl'eum moellendorffii Hance as the material, this research studied the epidemic dynamics of H. moellendorffii Hance powdery mildew and plant growth by using the interactive methods of soil moisture and soil organic matter. The results showed that the interaction of higher soil moisture content (60％-80％) and soil organic matter content (75-100 g · kg-1) had few diseases, dosease index and area under disease progression curve (AUDPC) compared with those of other treatments, thus could effectivley control powdery mildew disease. Moreover, higher soil moisture and organic matter content increased the yield, contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and coumarin in H. moellendorffii Hance.     

An integrated rice panicle phenotyping method based on X-ray and RGB scanning and deep learning

Rice panicle phenotyping is required in rice breeding for high yield and grain quality.To fully evaluate spikelet and kernel traits without threshing and hulling,using X-ray and RGB scanning,we developed an integrated rice panicle phenotyping system and a corresponding image analysis pipeline.We compared five methods of counting spikelets and found that Faster R-CNN achieved high accuracy(R~2 of 0.99)and speed.Faster R-CNN was also applied to indica and japonica classification and achieved 91%accuracy.The proposed integrated panicle phenotyping method offers benefit for rice functional genetics and breeding.     

Effects of Altitude Change on Nutritional Quality and Elymus nutans Regularity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to reveal the effects of different altitudes on the nutritional quality of wild forage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study used Elymus nutans as the tested plants to evaluate the changes of nutrient contents and the correlation between the nutrient contents and altitudes.Four sampling sites were set up at altitudes of 2 562,2 660,2 775 and 2 905 m with the vertical distance among each sampling point was about 100 m.The results showed that the crude protein,ash and phosphorus contents of Elymus nutans decreased significantly with an increase in altitudes.The crude protein contents decreased by 1.87 % with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude protein contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0187x+63.244 (R~2=0.9557)".The crude ash contents decreased by 1.77% with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude ash contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0177x+56.144 (R~2=0.978)".Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of altitudes,but the most obvious increase was at 2 775 m.The contents of crude fat and Ca did not change regularly with altitudes.     

利用昆虫表达系统表达新城疫病毒TS09-C耐热株的HN蛋白胞外区

前期研究表明新城疫病毒(NDV)HN蛋白为病毒热稳定性的主要影响因子.为了进一步研究HN蛋白的热稳定性以及影响其热稳定性的结构特征,研究利用杆状病毒表达了NDV TS09-C耐热株的HN蛋白的胞外区,将两个拷贝的TS09-C株HN胞外区基因分别插入到载体pFastBac-dual的PH启动子和p10启动子下游,在HN蛋...     

Actinomycin X2, an Antimicrobial Depsipeptide from Marine-Derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Applied as a Good Natural Dye for Silk Fabric

Actinomycins as clinical medicine have been extensively studied, while few investigations were conducted to discover the feasibility of actinomycins as antimicrobial natural dye contributing to the medical value of the functional fabrics. This study was focused on the application of actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2), a peptide pigment cultured from marine-derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus, in the dyeing and finishing of silk fabric. The dyeing potential of Ac.X2 with silk vs. cotton fabrics was assessed. As a result, the silk fabric exhibited greater uptake and color fastness with Ac.X2. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, some changes of chemical property for the dyed fabric and Ac.X2 were studied. The silk fabric dyed with Ac.X2 exhibited good UV protection ability. The antibacterial properties of dyed and finished silk were also evaluated, which exhibited over 90% antibacterial activity even after 20 washing cycles. In addition, the brine shrimp assay was conducted to evaluate the general toxicity of the tested fabric, and the results indicated that the dyed silk fabrics had a good biological safety property.     

肥料减施下玉米-大豆间作对作物产量和昆虫群落组成及多样性的影响

为探究肥料减施下玉米-大豆间作对作物产量和昆虫群落组成及多样性的影响,在玉米、大豆单作及二者间作下施以标准肥料750 kg/hm~2和减半肥料375 kg/hm~2,于作物生长期调查田间昆虫群落组成及多样性,并在收获期对玉米和大豆进行测产。结果表明:与单作玉米相比,间作玉米在施用标准肥料下的百株生物量、百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著增加78.33%、85.35%和38.71%,而在施用减半肥料下则分别显著增加90.91%、135.73%和33.33%;相同种植模式下,与施用标准肥料相比,减半肥料使单作玉米百株籽粒重显著降低22.45%。与单作大豆相比,在施用标准肥料下,间作大豆的百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著降低49.47%和11.54%,在施用减半肥料下,间作大豆的百株生物量、百株籽粒重和千粒重分别显著降低73.94%、50.51%和17.39%;相同种植模式下,与施用标准肥料相比,减半肥料使大豆在单作和间作下的百株籽粒重分别显著降低65.02%和65.73%,使间作下大豆的百株生物量和千粒重分别显著降低73.14%和17.39%。与单作相比,间作均显著降低了标准肥料和减半肥料处理下玉米和大豆害虫群落的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,还显著降低了标准肥料和减半肥料处理下玉米天敌昆虫群落的物种数和优势度指数以及大豆天敌昆虫群落的物种数和均匀度指数。表明玉米-大豆间作能有效提高玉米产量,降低虫害发生,但对大豆生产不利,而间作条件下减施肥料对玉米产量的影响更小。建议在田间生产中可将夏玉米和大豆间作种植,更有利于通过生态学方法控制田间害虫发生和增加作物总体产量。     

天山高寒草原植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征对氮沉降的响应

人类活动和气候变化导致的大气氮沉降急剧升高,将会影响高寒草原植物养分循环。为了研究氮沉降对高寒草原植物养分含量及生态化学计量学特征的影响。依托2009年在新疆天山巴音布鲁克高寒草原设置的长期氮沉降研究平台,于2017年7月和10月采集溚草（Koeleria cristata）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）和天山赖草（Leymus tianschanicus）3种植物的成熟叶和老叶,分析3种植物叶片N、P元素生态化学计量对不同施氮水平的响应规律。结果表明：① 3种植物养分浓度及其化学计量比在成熟叶和老叶之间存在较大差异,成熟叶和老叶的N、P含量分别为12.78 mg·g^-1、0.88 mg·g^-1和6.88 mg·g^-1、0.46 mg·g-1mg·g^-1。3种植物成熟叶和老叶的N元素含量均为：二裂委陵菜>天山赖草>溚草,P元素含量同N元素含量趋势一致;② 氮添加增加了成熟叶和老叶N浓度,分别达12%和48%;成熟叶与老叶P浓度对氮添加的响应规律不一致,成熟叶P浓度对氮添加的响应与物种有关,而老叶P浓度呈一致的下降趋势;氮添加对成熟叶和老叶N∶P的比值影响亦不同,其中相对于成熟叶,老叶的N∶P呈显著增加趋势。③ 植物叶片的N元素、P元素和N∶P比三者之间的相关分析表明:N元素和N∶P之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),在生长旺盛期和枯黄期,溚草和天山赖草的N与P元素之间没有发现显著相关性(P>0.05),而二裂委陵菜呈现一定的差异性,在生长旺盛期二裂委陵菜叶片N与P元素呈显著的正相关、枯黄期呈显著的负相关(P<0.05)。表明长期氮的添加显著影响了3种植物叶片的养分含量和生态化学计量,不同物种间存在一定差异,未来氮沉降升高将会影响天山山地草原的植物养分循环。     

杂粮供应链区块链多链追溯监管模型设计

针对杂粮产品供应链链条长、主体多、区块链追溯过程数据无法差异化共享、链上数据难以实时监管等难题,通过分析杂粮供应链环节业务流程与监管特性,提出了基于区块链多链架构的杂粮追溯模型,并在此基础上建立多链数据存储架构,设计了基于监管授权组网建链的网络准入机制,并通过智能合约实现数据的链前监管与追溯节点的链上管控。为验证模型有效性,基于Hyperledger Fabric设计并实现区块链追溯系统,对山西忻州杂粮应用案例进行分析。在安全方面,企业组网授权扩散性测试密文平均改变率为82.53%,相关性测试密文平均改变率为82.39%,具备较高的安全性与混淆性。在效率方面,消费者查询公开追溯数据平均时间为0.415 s,监管部门调用跨链接口查询企业敏感追溯数据平均时间为0.871 s。结果表明,该研究设计并实现的面向监管的杂粮多链追溯系统在满足消费者追溯需求的基础上,能够实现追溯数据账本与链间交易记录的实时管控,为农产品区块链追溯监管系统研究提供借鉴与参考。     

基于CiteSpace的昆虫性别决定基因研究现状与热点分析

为明确国内外昆虫性别决定基因研究的发展历程、研究热点及趋势,为未来研究方向提供参考与建议,本研究整理并筛选了1933—2022年中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science(WOS)数据库收录的昆虫性别决定基因的论文,运用文献计量学分析软件CiteSpace对发文年代、关键词、作者和机构等进行可视化分析。结果表明：2001—2005年昆虫性别决定基因研究的发文量呈现上升趋势,发文量最多的国家是美国（446篇）,其次是中国（111篇）和日本（88篇）;国内外载文量最多的期刊分别是《昆虫学报》（9篇）和Genetics(94篇);通过关键词共现和聚类分析表明昆虫性别决定在国内外都是广泛关注的热点问题,且国内外研究方向大体一致,研究热点均集中在模式生物上;通过关键词共现和突现词分析发现利用昆虫性别决定基因进行害虫防治是未来研究的新趋势。