Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important.     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

快速凝集试验与补体结合试验检测牛边缘无浆体感染的效果对比

从138份血清样品的比较试验结果显示，快速凝集试验（RCA）比补体结合试验（CF）检测边缘无浆体感染的敏感性高（88．9％：81．5％），假阴性率低（11．1％：18．5％），两者都具有良好的特异性和预测性，检测阳性符合率高，快速凝集试验对一次感染牛的持续检出阳性时间更长久（303天：92天）     

Immune and bone properties of chicks consuming corn contaminated with a Fusarium that induces dyschondroplasia

A study was conducted to contrast the dyschondroplasia-inducing capability of several species of Fusarium with that of the natural fungi found in poultry diets and litter. Day-old broiler chicks were fed pure corn cultures of specific fungal isolates for 3 weeks. Humoral immunity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), body weight, valgus and varus leg deformities, incidence of dyschondroplasia, and mechanical properties of the tibiotarsi were examined. F. equiseti #15 was the only fungal isolate to induce dyschondroplasia to any significant degree, which confirmed previous work in Minnesota. This isolate also suppressed growth rate and humoral immunity, although dyschondroplasia sometimes did occur without associated immunosuppression and growth depression. Bone strength of the tibiotarsal diaphysis was normal, and gross lesions of valgus and varus leg deformities did not appear to be related to the incidence of dyschondroplasia in the 3-week-old chicks.     

安徽省一起非洲猪瘟疫情的暴发调查

2018年9月,安徽省铜陵市某猪场暴发非洲猪瘟疫情。为查明疫情可能的来源、波及范围,继而提出有针对性的预防控制建议,对该猪场的饲养管理、猪群发病现状以及相关流行病学关联场点进行了现场调查。调查发现,此次暴发可能由饲喂泔水引起。由此建议:暂时关闭辖区内生猪屠宰场,并进行彻底消毒;停止疫情相关区域生猪及其产品调运;监测受威胁区猪场,做好生物安全防护;停止饲喂泔水,并做好餐厨剩余物的无害化处理工作。     

活禽交易对十堰市公共卫生安全的影响及对策

本文针对十堰市活禽养殖和交易的现状,结合工作实际,分析了活禽交易方式对公共卫生安全、禽流感防控、环境污染等方面的影响,以及活禽交易存在的问题及产生的原因,从政策建议、防疫条件、检疫监管、疫情监测预警、市场准入、可追溯体系建设、动物经纪人管理等方面提出了措施和建议,为进一步加强禽流感防控工作和动物产品质量安全管理提出了有益的探讨。     

牛乳脂共轭亚油酸的合成及其营养调控

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是存在于动物脂肪和乳脂中的天然活性成分。本文综述了牛乳脂CLA的来源、合成机制及其营养调控。     

不同种类纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦阉公牛，体外人工瘤胃试验按不同纤维素酶的添加量分为6个组。分别是复合纤维素酶组（66．7、200、100mg／kg）和单一纤维素酶组（66．7、200、100mg／kg），人工瘤胃培养96h，测定产气量、瘤胃液PH值、干物质消失率、培养液中的NH3-N、TVFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量，用以确定人工瘤胃内添加纤维素酶对瘤胃发酵的影响、试验结果表明：从产气量上看，复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组的产气量最大，96h时比对照组多产气23．7％（P〈0．05），产气量最小的是单一纤维素酶66．7mg／kg组，与对照组相比差异不显著（p〉0．05）：从pH值看．96h除复合纤维素酶3组比对照组低0．2，其余各组差异均不显著（P〉0.05））；96h复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组的干物质消失率比对照组高7．57％，其次是复合纤维素酶200mg／kg组比对照组高5．6％；NH3-N含量从0h～24h逐渐下降24h时最低，24h～96hNH3-N含量逐渐上升。12h～96h复合纤维素酶3组的NH3-N浓度在各组中均最高。分别比对照组高0．92、2．74、3、6、4．3mg／100ml，其余各组差异均不显著；96h，复合纤维素酶3的乙酸和TVFA含量最大．比对照组高7．62和9．16mmol／L（p〈0．05）结论：复合纤维素酶效果优于单一纤维素酶，其中复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组试验效果最好。     

警犬作业各不同多种形式破命案

训练有素的警犬,往往具备多种形式的作业能力。在公安实战中,针对案件现场条件的不同,有经验的带犬民警会选择不同的作业形式去指挥引导警犬,或追踪,或鉴别,或搜索,或综合应用。正确有效的指挥引导,成为了警犬技术破案的关键,本期选登的案例,正是说明了这一点。