超声乳化生物质柴油稳定性研究

为提高乳化生物质柴油稳定性,以超声波为外加能量,构筑超声波加乳化剂的生物质柴油乳化体系,考查超声波频率、超声激励波形、超声功率与超声时间等超声因素对生物质柴油乳化效果及稳定性影响.根据试验要求设计槽式可变频率可控波形超声波乳化仪,在实验中改变超声波频率、波形、功率和处理时间,比较各因素条件下制备的乳化油稳定性.结果表明,在超声乳化生物质柴油效果及稳定性的影响因素中,影响最大为处理时间、其次为功率、频率最小为超声激励波形,超声作用的最佳操作条件是超声功率30W,处理时间8min,超声频率25 kHz以及超声波形为方波脉冲,此条件下制取的乳化油稳定性能最好,且燃烧特性良好,自然放置稳定时间可达2 256 h.     

棉花应用脱叶催熟剂对后茬小麦生长及产量的影响

为探究麦后直播棉生产中应用脱叶催熟剂对后茬小麦出苗、苗期生长及产量的影响,在盆栽条件下,土壤添加不同浓度的'噻苯隆'后,测定小麦出苗及苗期生长指标;在田间条件下应用不同浓度的'噻苯隆'与'乙烯利'混用进行棉花脱叶催熟,并测定后茬小麦出苗率、苗期生长指标及产量等指标.结果表明,'噻苯隆'在土壤中的半衰期为6.9 d,土壤...     

慢病毒法生产转基因鸡的初步研究(英文)

[目的]探索利用慢病毒生产转基因鸡的适宜方法。[方法]以增强型绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因构建慢病毒载体,包装病毒后感染鸡早期受精卵,并检测不同注射操作和不同接种滴度对鸡胚存活率的影响,同时对接种病毒鸡胚的GFP表达情况进行检测。[结果]采用105、106和107IU/ml的慢病毒滴度,鸡胚孵化率分别为87%、72%和66.7%。以雏鸡血液基因组为模板PCR鉴定转基因阳性率为45.5%;冰冻切片检测技术发现GFP基因在鸡体内不同组织的表达强度差异显著,免疫系统内表达最强,生殖系统和肌肉组织中GFP基因无表达。[结论]试验初步筛选出较适宜的慢病毒感染滴度,该结果为研制蛋鸡生物反应器和转基因鸡抗病新品系奠定了基础。     

4个晚熟桃新品种在豫北地区的引种表现

从山东省引进‘秋雪’‘秋甜’‘映霜红’‘沂蒙霜红’等4个晚熟桃品种在豫北地区栽培。结果表明,4个品种在河南省清丰县表现均较好。其中,‘秋甜’综合性状最好,生长势强,平均单果重405.8g,平均纵径9.72 cm,横径9.68 cm,果实着色程度较好,呈晕状,离核,9月中下旬果实成熟期,产量高;‘秋雪’产量较低,‘映霜红’和‘沂蒙霜红’果实生长期较长,着色稍差,裂果现象严重。     

Genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated Dendrobium nobile Lindl. in southwest of China based on genotyping-by-sequencing

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is one of the most important Orchid plants worldwide. The genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) method has now been widely used to access...     

Assessment of economic and environmental impacts of two typical cotton genotypes with contrasting potassium efficiency

It is essential to produce optimal crop yields while reducing adverse environmental impacts of overfertilization. Therefore, nutrient‐efficient plants may play a major role in improving the efficiency of fertilizer use whilst increasing crop yields. This field trial was conducted to study the differences on absorption and utilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of K‐efficient cotton genotype 103 and K‐inefficient cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotype 122 and their environmental and economic effects. The results show that seed cotton yield was significantly different between K‐efficient cotton genotype 103 and K‐inefficient cotton genotype 122; the yields of genotype 103 were 39.2%, 33.8%, and 25.0% higher than those of genotype 122 with no K fertilizer (K0), 112 kg K ha^–1 K (K1), and 224 kg K ha^–1 (K2), respectively. Even when no K fertilizer was applied, the yield of genotype 103 was still 7.9% higher than the yield of genotype 122 at the highest K level (K2). Further economic benefit analysis revealed that the value cost ratio (VCR) of genotype 103 was significantly higher than 122 at K0 and K1, and harvest index (HI) of genotype 103 was significantly higher than that of genotype 122 at all three K levels. In addition, when fertilized with K, partial factor productivity of applied K (PFP_K) of genotype 103 was dramatically higher than that of genotype 122, demonstrating that genotype 103 had stronger ability to utilize K. Besides, the N‐ and P‐use efficiencies of genotype 103 were also higher than those of genotype 122. It is concluded that: (1) genotype 103 gives better profit than genotype 122 and (2) genotype 103 uses fertilizer more efficiently and reduced fertilizer inputs will alleviate environmental risks.     

环己磺菌胺50%水分散粒剂的配方研究

介绍了环己磺菌胺50%配制水分散粒剂的研制过程,确定了润湿剂、分散剂、填料的类型及用量,得到了优化配方,并对制剂的质量控制指标进行测定,各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

稻谷储藏中温湿度变化与微生物活动相关性的研究

对不同温度和相对湿度条件储藏的稻谷进行微生物活动和品质监测,实验结果表明,稻谷在30℃、相对湿度70%~80%条件下储藏42 d,微生物活动的水平相对较低,没有对储藏稻谷的品质造成明显的影响;当储藏环境相对湿度超过80%后,稻谷中的微生物活动明显增加,储藏21天的微生物活性检测值均可超过500 u;特别是当环境相对湿度大于90%时,储藏稻谷的品质将受到显著的影响。高相对湿度环境主要影响储藏稻谷表层的微生物活动,粮层对湿度的扩散有显著的阻挡作用,相对湿度低于90%,30℃、21 d内,不会对0.25 m粮层以下稻谷微生物活动产生明显的影响。     

水杨酸对云南松种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本试验是采用不同浓度的水杨酸浸种云南松种子,结果表明,低浓度（0．001～0．01mg／L）浓度处理可提高种子发芽率,可使根系活力增强,鲜重增加,幼苗的胚根长和株高有所增长,且POD和SOD酶活也明显提高,以0．001mmol／L效果最佳。     

蔗糖脂肪酸酯对大豆叶片超氧化物歧化酶和叶绿素的影响

本文研究了蔗糖脂肪酸酯（ＳＦＥ）对开花期和结英期大豆叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、叶绿素含量和大豆产量的影响。实验结果表明,在大豆开花期和结英期两个时期都喷施０．１％的ＳＦＥ后,可以使ＳＯＤ酶的相对活力提高４１％、叶绿素ｂ的含量提高５８％左右,并在处理后４～５天叶绿素含量提高;ＳＦＥ能增加叶片中的含氮量２倍左右,增加植株的单株结英数７０％和种子的百粒重３２％,并能提高种子中的蛋白质含量４．８％。