荒漠草原区饲草组合对苏尼特羔羊的饲喂效果

为合理利用荒漠草原区饲草资源,本研究分别以华北驼绒藜（Ceratoides arborescens）和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为主要饲草,配合谷草（Setavia italica）、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)饲喂苏尼特羔羊,根据组合效应原理科学组合为6组：100%驼绒藜、50%驼绒藜+50%谷草、50%驼绒藜+50%冰草、100%苜蓿、50%苜蓿+50%谷草和50%苜蓿+50%冰草。结果表明,100%苜蓿饲喂的羔羊增重、屠宰率和净肉率都明显高于其它处理,饲喂效果最好。不同组合饲喂效果为：50%驼绒藜+50%谷草＞100%驼绒藜、50%驼绒藜+50%冰草;100%苜蓿＞50%苜蓿+50%谷草、50%苜蓿+50%冰草。     

凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响

本试验旨在研究凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响。选择320只28日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉公鸡,随机分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只。常温对照组（TC组）肉鸡饲养于（22±1）℃的常温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激组（HS组）肉鸡饲养于（34±1）℃的高温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激试验组肉鸡饲养于（34±1）℃的高温环境,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2×107(HS-BC0.2组)、1.0×107(HS-BC1.0组)、5.0×107CFU/g(HS-BC5.0组)凝结芽孢杆菌的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明：与TC组相比,HS组的末重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）,干物质和粗蛋白质表观代谢率,空肠食糜总淀粉酶和总蛋白酶酶活,空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度以及空肠钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1(SGLT1)、基础氨基酸转运载体（r-BAT）、y+L氨基酸转运载体-1(y+LAT1) mRNA表达量均显著降低（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）显著增加（P<0.05）。与HS组相比,HS-BC1.0和HS-BC5.0组的ADG、粗蛋...     

Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

基于粮食安全的重庆市耕地保护

耕地资源关系到一个国家或地区经济发展、社会稳定和粮食安全。文中通过对1997-2005年重庆市粮食产量和耕地面积的统计数据进行分析,发现耕地面积不断减少、粮食产量以2001年为分界点出现逐年减产和增产的现象,并提出基于粮食安全的重庆市耕地保护对策。     

重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型、Re-6株)在林下放养鸡群中的免疫效价跟踪测定

用血凝与血凝抑制试验方法对林下放养鸡群注射重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型、Re-6株)后的抗体效价进行跟踪检测,结果表明:(1)经20 d后能获得较高的免疫效价保护,在4~5周时获得最高值,而后开始以每2周4个百分点的速率下降;(2)禽流感二免加强免疫后不能在2周内使免疫效价提高,但在1个月后能重新获得较高的免疫效价,并保持比较均衡的状态。建议对种禽场所供禽苗实行强制母源抗体检测,以科学确立首次免疫时间。     

IBRV重组gD蛋白的真核表达与间接ELISA检测方法的建立

通过优化牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）gD基因序列为Sf9细胞偏好密码子,转座形成穿梭载体,将质粒瞬时转染Sf9昆虫细胞,利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统表达纯化重组IBRV gD蛋白;以制备的重组IBRV gD蛋白为包被抗原,建立检测IBRV血清中和抗体的间接ELISA方法,并通过比对检测已知血清中和抗体效价的牛血清,验证所建立的间接ELISA方法的敏感性、特异性与重复性等指标。结果显示：本研究建立的间接ELISA方法对相关的牛病毒血清抗体无交叉反应,敏感性可达1:512,组内和组间变异系数均低于10%;使用建立的间接ELISA检测方法结合血清中和试验,对480份临床血清样品进行检测,发现两者敏感性符合率为98.18%,特异性符合率为93.33%,总符合率为96.67%。结果表明,本研究建立的检测IBRV血清中和抗体的间接ELISA方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,可开发为临床适应的检测试剂盒。     

2015年非洲口蹄疫流行状况与分析

2015年,非洲共有29个国家向世界动物卫生组织（OIE）通报发生771起口蹄疫疫情,包括A、O、SAT 1、SAT 2和SAT 3等5种血清型。O型和SAT 2型是非洲地区的主要流行血清型;病毒多通过野生动物散播;东非是非洲的主要疫区;感染家畜以牛为主。2015年非洲的口蹄疫流行状况和特点提示：该地区的口蹄疫防控任务十分艰巨,短期难以控制或根除;南非型口蹄疫病毒通过野生动物迁徙或非法动物产品贸易等途径向外扩散的风险依然存在,需提高警惕。     

基于MODIS数据的伊犁河谷植被指数变化及其对气候的响应

利用2006-2014年主要生长季(5-9月)的MODIS遥感数据,分析了2006-2014年的年平均NDVI和生长季月NDVI变化规律。同时,收集整理同期伊犁河谷地区的气温与降水资料,并对NDVI与当月、2个月滑动、3个月滑动和5个月滑动的平均气温、降水值进行了相关性分析。结果表明,NDVI与气温、降水都存在一定的相关性,NDVI受当月平均气温的影响最大;NDVI与当月降水和滑动平均降水的相关性都很好,但3个月滑动平均降水对NDVI的影响最大,并且通过了0.01的极显著性检验。     

猪冷冻精液在我国的应用现状和存在的问题

正2009年起,国家对购买良种猪精液给予补贴,在全国范围内推广猪人工授精技术,种猪常温精液人工授精在我国全面普及。具有一定规模和较强经济实力的社会化公猪站在全国各地建立起来,逐渐形成一个完备的全国种猪常温精液供精网络体系,积极推动了全国猪遗传改良计划的全面实施。各大种猪场间通过优质种公猪精液的交流来建立和增强场间遗传联系和跨群联系。但种猪常温精     

Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in China

The paper describes the history and evolvement of brucellosis in China. It presents the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief. Before 1980s, human and animal brucellosis was quite severe; during 1980s, the incidence of human and animal brucellosis was relatively low, and seemed to decrease during the decade. During 1990s, there were no obvious changes in the incidence of animal brucellosis, but the incidence of human brucellosis increased, especially from 1995 to 2001. There are not only some common characteristics but also some differences in brucellosis epidemiology relative to that reported in the rest of the world. For the entire country, B. melitensis was the predominant strain associated with outbreaks, and the epidemic peak is from February to June. Several Brucella vaccines have been used in China for prevention and control of brucellosis. such as B. abortus 104 M in humans, B. suis S2 in animals. The introduction of comprehensive measures has allowed great progress in the prevention and control of brucellosis in China. Surveillance points were set-up countrywide to estimate the epidemic situation. In addition, we discussed the new characteristics of brucellosis in China, the influence of the El Nino phenomenon on brucellosis epidemic situation, the phenomenon of antigenic interference between Brucella species and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines.