In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

费约果生物学特性及营养与药用价值研究

费约果是一种集食用、药用与观赏一体的经济价值较高的新兴果树。现介绍费约果的生物学特性,综述果实、叶片、果皮和花的营养成分与药用价值及其利用情况,并对费约果在食品、制药和化妆品等工业的应用和发展前景进行展望。     

草类在生态果园建设中的作用

从生态学角度综述了草类在生态果园建设中的作用,并总结其在果园土壤、果园微域环境、果树生长的影响等方面国内外近年来研究的新进展。结果表明：果园生草可有效改善果树生态环境,调节地温,提高土壤肥力和蓄水保墒能力;同时有利于增加害虫天敌数量,减轻病虫害和生理病害的发生,减少果园农药的使用量。     

加压条件下气力轮式精密排种器性能分

针对研制的气力轮式精密排种器,采用均匀设计法设计试验,运用均匀设计软件UST 1.0建立了大豆排种性能指标数学模型,分析气力条件下排种器设计参数对排种性能的影响规律.分析表明:气力条件下,排种性能指标主要受气压和作业速度影响,气压范围为1.4～1.8 kPa时粒距合格率达到85%以上,满足8 km/h速度以上大豆精密播种;充种角和清种角变化对排种性能影响不显著,充种角和清种角优化区域与常压条件下排种试验优化结果一致:充种角为46.35°、清种角为55°;气流方向对排种性能没有显著影响.     

农业车辆视觉实际导航环境识别与分

分析了对路径识别影响较大的变光照环境、杂草环境和阴影环境对农业车辆导航路径的影响,提出一种实际环境中的农业车辆视觉导航研究方法,即先采用神经网络算法对农田环境进行自动分类,然后再相应的选择不同的路径识别方法进行处理.环境识别与分类试验结果证明,该方法能够提高农业车辆视觉导航系统的实用性和可靠性,导航环境的分类准确率为95%,单幅图像平均耗时23 ms.     

田间土壤力学参数测定方法研究

总结了车辆地面力学研究常用的土壤力学参数检测方法,结合现代农业车辆智能化发展思想,提出了结合车辆动力学参数的在线检测进行土壤力学参数估计的方法。     

早熟节瓜新品种--山农2号

“山农2号”节瓜是以“R89－3－7－5”强雌系为母本,“黑毛”自交系为父本配制的一代杂种,具有早熟,抗病、耐热、品质佳等优点,平均产量,嫩瓜55．5－60．0t/hm^2老瓜112．5t/hm^2左右。适于山东、北京、天津、广东等地栽培。     

优化提取裸花紫珠总黄酮含量及对表皮伤口易感染菌抑菌性的研究

为了选出裸花紫珠总黄酮提取的最优方法,比较了ASE、超声、微波萃取和多功能浓缩4种提取方法在裸花紫珠总黄酮提取率上的差异,并利用微孔刃天青法测定总黄酮对表皮易感染菌的MIC值。结果发现ASE法总黄酮提取率最高,约为1.26%,其次为超声和微波萃取法,总黄酮提取率分别约为1.03%和0.98%,多功能浓缩法提取率最低,约为0.36%,且耗时最长。而且研究发现,ASE的MIC值最低。最终得出ASE提取效率最高,且提取物有较好的抑菌性,是裸花紫珠总黄酮提取的最优方法。     

丰产优质多抗棉花品种西农棉1008的选育与应用

主要介绍西农棉1008的选育经过、特征特性、抗逆性、产量与纤维品质及其主要栽培技术措施。     

缓释肥减量施用对覆膜栽培玉米生物性状、干物质积累与养分分配的影响

通过大田试验研究缓释肥覆膜减量条件下的玉米生物性状、干物质分配比例、养分含量差异及其与产量的相关性分析。结果表明,与不覆膜(T2)处理相比,覆膜可使玉米的茎粗提高11.05%~19.34%,株高提高2.78%~5.39%,穗位高提高6.20%~10.28%,覆膜条件下缓释肥减量对玉米生物性状无明显影响。覆膜可以使玉米干物质积累提高25.22%~31.01%,较普通复合肥(T6)相比,施用缓释肥更有利于玉米干物质积累,且缓释肥覆膜减量15%(T4)不会影响玉米干物质积累,减量过度(T5)则会显著降低玉米干物质积累以及子粒和茎秆的氮含量。相关分析发现,玉米产量与生物性状存在显著或极显著的相关性,与不同部位养分含量也存在显著或极显著相关性。覆膜条件下施用缓释肥有利于改善玉米生物性状,提高干物质积累和养分含量,玉米茎粗、株高、穗位高与茎秆氮含量、叶片钾含量、子粒氮含量可以作为玉米产量评估的重要指标。