Evidence of breed-dependent differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type-2-associated disease and lesions

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been confirmed as the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). However, in the field, PMWS is seen only in a small percentage of pigs infected with PCV2. The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine whether host genetic differences in the susceptibility to PCV2-associated disease exist among selected breeds of pigs. This study included Duroc (n = 23), Landrace (n = 19), and Large White (n = 21) pigs. The pigs were infected intranasally and intramuscularly at 5-7 weeks of age with PCV2. A portion of the pigs (31/63; 30.2%) had low passively acquired PCV2 antibodies at the time of infection. There were no differences in mean weight gain, rectal temperature, or respiratory score. Clinical disease compatible with PMWS was observed only in the Landrace pigs. Most of the PCV2-infected pigs had enlarged lymph nodes, and individual Duroc and Landrace pigs had mottled tan lungs. PCV2-associated lymphoid depletion and granulomatous inflammation were observed in pigs of all breeds. Three of 19 Landrace pigs and none of the Duroc or Large White pigs developed severe lymphoid lesions associated with large amounts of intralesional PCV2 antigen typical of PMWS. Compared with seronegative Landrace pigs, Landrace pigs that had low maternal antibodies at the time of PCV2 inoculation had significantly (P < 0.05) less-severe PCV2-associated lesions. The results suggest a predisposition of the Landrace pigs of this study to PCV2-induced disease and lesions, and that low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective.     

CD40 induces an antimicrobial response against the intracellular pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Streptococcus agalactiae is a Gram‐positive facultative intracellular bacterium that leads to severe economic loss of tilapia worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that CD40 contributes to host protection against intracellular injection. In this study, CD40 was characterized from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), named OnCD40. Sequence analysis showed that open reading frame of OnCD40 was 933 bp, containing a single peptide, a transmembrane domain and four cysteine‐rich domains. The qRT‐PCR revealed that OnCD40 was expressed in all examined tissues with the most abundant ones in spleen and thymus. After S. agalactiae stimulation, the expression of OnCD40 was significantly induced in most of the detected organs. Moreover, OnCD40‐overexpressing fish elicited significant protection against subsequent S. agalactiae challenge; approximately 10000‐fold fewer bacteria were detected in spleen of OnCD40‐overexpressing fish in comparison with control fish. Thus, CD40 had protecting function in Nile tilapia against intracellular pathogens.     

Stocking density alters growth performance,serum biochemistry,digestive enzymes,immune response,and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in in-pond raceway system

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - The effects of stocking density on growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus...     

无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统RscSR的鉴定及其对细菌应激适应性和毒力特性的影响

为鉴定鱼源无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统(two-component system, TCS)RscSR并探究其功能,实验利用生物信息学方法预测到可能的RscSR,对其组成成分RscS和RscR的三维结构和保守结构域进行分析;构建基因缺失株ΔrscSR与互补株CΔrscSR,测定细菌的生长曲线,检测其耐酸应激、耐氧化应激、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力,同时测定其对巨噬细胞的毒性和对小鼠的毒力。结果显示,RscSR具有典型的TCS结构特点,其中RscS具有组氨酸激酶结构域,RscR具有反应调节子结构;其编码基因缺失后,菌株耐酸、耐氧化、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力及对巨噬细胞毒性均显著降低,而将该基因回补后各项能力均有所恢复;动物实验结果显示,野生株感染小鼠19 h内全部死亡,而ΔrscSR缺失株感染小鼠全部死亡时间为48 h。研究表明,RscSR在无乳链球菌应激适应性以及毒力方面发挥重要作用。     

Optimization of hydrostatic pressure,timing, and duration parameters for the induction of tetraploidy in turbot,Scophthalmus maximus

Aquaculture International - Tetraploid fish are the key source of diploid gametes in polyploid breeding, and they can be induced by disrupting the first mitotic cell cleavage. In this study, the...     

池塘内循环流水养殖模式对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化酶、消化酶及消化道组织结构和菌群的影响

为探究养殖过程中池塘内循环流水养殖模式（inner-pond raceway aquaculture, IPRA）对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化酶、消化酶、消化道组织结构及菌落结构的影响。将池塘内循环流水养殖的4条水槽设置为流水组2条和对照组2条,进行为期153 d的养殖实验,分别在养殖中期和末期测量相关生长、生化指标及观察组织形态结构,并采用Illumina Miseq测序平台对消化道中的微生物进行分析。结果显示：①养殖中期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度低于对照静水组;至养殖末期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度持续下降,但成活率一直高于静水组。②养殖中期,流水组肝脏SOD和CAT显著高于静水组,流水组MDA显著低于静水组,流水组消化酶活性显著高于静水组;至养殖末期,抗氧化酶和消化酶均不同程度下降,但流水组SOD仍显著高于静水组,MDA显著低于静水组。③流水组大口黑鲈肠绒毛高度及密度均明显高于静水组,且养殖中期分泌消化酶较多,运动加强了肠道消化吸收功能。④养殖中期,流水养殖使大口黑鲈肠胃菌群的物种多样性和均匀度明显增高,至养殖末期,流水组的肠胃多样性和均匀度指数不断下降;养殖中期流水组和静水组胃分别为柔膜菌门和蓝细菌,静水组肠主要优势菌依次为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,流水组肠主要优势菌分别为厚壁菌门和变形菌门;至养殖后期时,流水组和静水组胃肠优势菌群均为柔膜菌门;而养殖水体的优势菌为变形菌门和放线菌门。研究表明,IPRA模式下的持续运动会降低其生长指标,但能够提高其成活率,增强其免疫和消化能力,改善肠胃菌群结构,尤其是处于生长期效果更明显,而至养殖末期运动状态可能会打破肠道菌群平衡,引发疾病,应加强养殖管理。     

人工繁殖圆口铜鱼幼鱼游泳能力与游泳行为研究

利用鱼类游泳能力测定装置,以人工繁殖的圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)幼鱼为实验对象,体重(3.05±0.99)g,体长(5.94±0.66)cm,采用递增流速法研究其游泳能力与游泳行为。结果表明,在(20±1)℃水温条件下,圆口铜鱼平均相对临界游泳速度(critical swimming speed,U_crit)为(8.41±1.56)BL/s;其步态转换速度(gait transition speed,U_chg)与临界游泳速度呈线性正相关:U_chg=0.63 U_crit+0.21(P<0.01,R 2=0.86);摆尾频率(tail beat frequency,TBF)与进口流速(inlet velocity,U_in)呈线性正相关:TBF=0.48 U_in+2.53(P<0.01,R 2=0.95);进口流速(inlet velocity,U_in)与步长(step length,SL)呈线性正相关:SL=0.11 U_in+0.41(P<0.01,R 2=0.99)。实验鱼的摆尾幅度(tail beat amplitude,TBA)、冲刺次数、各进口流速下的摆尾时间百分比及稳定摆尾与非稳定摆尾比例,均随进口流速改变而变化。随流速增大,摆尾幅度呈现先增大、再减小、最后又增大的趋势;冲刺次数也是先增加、随后逐渐下降;摆尾时间百分比最初是快速增大,随后基本保持不变,流速增至8 BL/s高流速时,再次随流速增加而快速增大。当流速与临界游速比值(U/U max)为0.38时,实验鱼出现非稳定摆尾行为;比值为0.58时,实验鱼稳定摆尾行为与非稳定摆尾行为比例为1∶1;比值增至0.78时,稳定摆尾行为消失。人工繁殖的圆口铜鱼游泳能力较强,在不同流速下,通过改变游泳行为以保持更长的游泳时间及距离。研究结果可为以圆口铜鱼为过鱼对象的鱼道建设以及养殖流速优化提供参考。     

不同玉米品种子粒中富集镉、铅特性的比较

选用20个玉米品种为试材,采用盆栽试验研究镉、铅复合胁迫下玉米子粒对镉、铅的积累特性。结果表明,镉、铅复合胁迫下,供试品种子粒含镉、铅量均大幅度提高;所有供试品种的子粒镉含量和9个供试品种子粒的铅含量超过国家规定的粮食卫生标准;丹玉69、富友9号、隆迪2162、农大95的穗粒重与对照相比差异不显著(P<0.05)。     

10个陆地棉品种种子营养品质分析

 为了评价不同品种棉子的营养品质,筛选出满足不同需求的品种,为棉花品质育种和棉副产品综合利用提供参考,测定了10个棉花品种的营养成分,对其营养品质进行了综合分析。结果表明：不同棉花品种的氨基酸、蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维和维生素E含量差异明显,其变幅依次为35.96%~41.74%,38.58%~45.50%,25.17%~33.00%,4.06%~7.27%,16.10%~28.42%。本实验中棉子综合利用价值最高的是中棉所48,最差的是鲁棉研28。     

不同生态型玉米品种低温下出苗机理研究

为了探讨不同的玉米品种对冷害的抗性,本研究以黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山西等地的10个玉米品种‘郑单958’、‘辽单565’、‘中地77’、‘永玉3’、‘山西708’、‘山西712’、‘银河32’、‘吉单198’、‘九单48’、‘龙单13’为试验材料,测定各个品种在5℃低温和25℃恒温条件下的发芽率、吸水率、电导率、细胞内游离脯氨酸含量、淀粉含量,研究结果表明：不同的玉米品种在低温下的活力差异应与24 h内种子吸水率、电导率、细胞内游离脯氨酸含量、淀粉含量、细胞内各种酶的活性有关。经低温处理后,‘辽单565’的发芽率降幅最低,仅为5.34%,其次为‘龙单13’和‘中地77’,降幅分别为5.67%和7%,表明这3个玉米品种对冷害的抗性比较强,适合在黑龙江等冷害灾害较为常见的地区播种。