Effect of Potassium Nutrition of Different Varieties of Rice on the Redox Status in Microzone Rhizosphere Soils

Being divided into three groups-strong,moderate and weak-according to the different kinetic parameters (Fmax,km,Cmin) of potassium uptake by crops,21 cultivars of rice have been studied to find out the relationships between their potassium nutrition and the oxidation-reduction status in the rhizosphere soils. Results show that,with no application of K fertilizer,there were higher contents of active reducing substances and ferrous iron in rhizosphere soils planted with cultivars,such as Zhongguo 91,week in absorbing potassium than in soils cropped with cultivars,Shanyou 64,stronger in absorbing potassium.As a result of K application,however,these toxic substances were decreased appreciably in the soil,particularly in the root zone where weakly K-absorbing sultivars were growing,and the parameter of soil redox (pH pE) was increased,the most striking example of this being found in the rhizosphere soil where the more strongly K-absorbing sultivars were growing.On and close to the root surface in soils where rice plants were supplied with potassium fertilizer,rather more iron oxide had been accumulated compared with rice receiving no potash,and even greater amounts of red iron oxide precipitated on the rice root in neutral paddy soils.As shown by the concentration distribution of active reducing substances and ferrous iron in a microzone of the profile,the redox range of rice roots supplied with potassium may extend as far as several centimeters from the root surface.It can thus be seen that potassium nutrition exerts its effect first on the morphological properties of rice roots and their exudation of oxygen,then on the content of soluble oxygen and the count and species of oxygen-consuming microbes in the rhizosphere soil,and finally on the redox status of the soil.     

黄土高原次生林改造林地鼢鼠发生规律研究

利用现地调查和试验林跟踪调查的方法,研究了黄土高原次生林和次生林改造后林地鼢鼠的发生规律。结果证明,次生林鼢鼠发生类型分为灌草群落类型、乔灌草疏林群落类型和乔木密林群落类型。次生林乔木郁被度与灌木分布数量是影响林地鼢鼠分布的主要因子。乔木和灌木的郁被度、沙棘和草本植被的权重、直根系草本植被的覆盖度等指标与林地鼢鼠密度呈负相关;而灌木权重、沙棘郁被度、直根系草本植被的权重、须根系草本植被的权重和覆盖度等指标与林地鼢鼠密度呈正相关。次生林改造后林地鼢鼠密度逐渐增大,达到最高以后随着林分郁被度的加大,鼢鼠密度逐渐降低。不同改造模式林地鼢鼠发生强度依次为全面清坡造林、坡向清坡带状造林、块状清坡造林、水平带状清坡造林和林下更新造林,油松林地大于侧柏林地,侧柏林地大于刺槐林地。     

农林专业大学生应树立大众化就业观

随着高校招生规模的不断扩大,高等教育正在由“精英教育”向“大众化教育”转变,学生就业难的问题越来越突出,尤其是农林院校的农林专业,它将成为制约高校进一步发展的瓶颈。本论述大学生解放思想,适应大众化教育发展的需要,树立大众化的就业观念。     

从上博简《民之父母》"五至"说论《孔子家语·论礼》的真伪

从"五至"说的比较来看,<孔子家语·论礼>篇"子夏侍坐于孔子"章与<礼记·孔子闲居>篇及楚简<民之父母>篇所据祖本不同,<家语·论礼>篇所记更真实,更符合原意,并非抄袭<礼记>而来.     

水稻新品种"延粳23号"的选育

“延粳23号”是从韩国引进的杂交后代材料中选育出来的中晚熟水稻新品种,具有高产、优质、耐冷、适应性广等特点,2001年通过全国农作物品种委员会审定.     

纳米蜂胶抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]为今后的纳米蜂胶研究提供理论依据。[方法]以纳米TiO2为主要原料,采用共混法,经过一系列的工艺,制得纳米蜂胶粉末。通过邻苯三酚自氧化法探讨纳米蜂胶对超氧阴离子(O2-)的清除效果,并将其效果与采用蜂胶醇提液和Vc的清除效果进行比较。[结果]邻苯三酚自氧化速率为ΔA1/Δt=37.78×10-4。先分别往试管中加入蜂胶醇提液、纳米蜂胶、Vc,再加入邻苯三酚,180 s内均能够清除O2-,其中纳米蜂胶的清除效果好于Vc,而Vc又好于蜂胶醇提取液。对于这3种样品液而言,加入0.1 ml就能够很好的清除O2-。[结论]纳米蜂胶比普通蜂胶能更好地清除体内过多的自由基,降低过氧化脂质的生成,是一种新型的抗氧化产品。     

司帕沙星在E.coli-MG混合感染鸡的药动学与生物利用度研究

大肠杆菌-败血霉形体(Escherichia Coli.-Mycoplasma gallisepticu,E.coli-MG)疾病模型鸡单剂量(5mg.kg-1)内服和静注司帕沙星,研究其血液动力学特征和内服生物利用度。采用HPLC面积-内标法测定血浆中司帕沙星浓度,利用药动学分析软件MCPKP分析药-时数据。结果表明:疾病模型鸡内服司帕沙星血浆药-时数据符合一级吸收二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数如下:t1/2α1.7208h,t1/2β13.1773h,tm ax0.9083h,Cm ax0.6198μg.mL-1,AUC 3.8161mg.L-1.h-1。静注给药血浆中司帕沙星的经时数据符合无吸收二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数为:t1/2α0.4442h,t1/2β4.7557h,Kel0.5608h-1,Vd4.1204L.Kg-1,AUC 8.3274mg.L-1.h-1,C lB0.6004L.Kg-1.h-1。疾病模型鸡内服司帕沙星的生物利用度为47.03%。     

运用景观生态学基本原理规划城市绿地系统斑块和廊道

为了更有效地布局城市绿地,使城市绿地最大地发挥生态效益和社会效益,从生态学的基本理论出发,通过对生态学中"斑块—廊道—基质"的分析,并且总结前人的研究成果,得出以下结论:在进行绿地斑块规划时,绿地斑块的数量越多、斑块越大、斑块之间的连接度越大,则生态效益越高;此外,紧凑或圆形的斑块在保护内部资源方面具有最高效率;在进行廊道规划的时候,需特别强调它在维持和恢复景观生态过程及格局的连续性和完整性;生态廊道根据主要功能的不同,分为河流保护型、生物保护型、环境防护型和游憩使用型等4种,从而确定不同廊道的宽度和廊道中植被的分布。参8     

日光温室采光屋面曲线数学模型的建立与分析

通过数学方法,并结合计算机模拟,对日光温室不同弧度的采光屋面太阳光入射率进行了严密的计算。从中得到的结论是:温室采光随采光屋面弧度的加大,采光效果变差,但这种变化幅度是相当小的,太阳光入射率最多不会超过3%,在温室设计中可以不予考虑。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中福美双残留量

建立食用菌中福美双残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法.新鲜食用菌子实体样品粉碎后经二氯甲烷超声(53 Hz)提取20 min,离心(3320 g、5 min),二氯甲烷经氮气吹干,甲醇定容后用HPLC测定.以等体积甲醇和0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,1 mL/min等度洗脱,在0.05～10 μg/mL范围内,福美双的峰面积与其浓度呈线性相关,R≥0.999,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg,添加回收率为79.4％～90.2％,变异系数为1.15％～7.51％％.