2006年第四季度饲料和原料中霉菌毒素调查报告

为了更好地指导养殖户和饲料生产企业进行生产，预防霉菌毒素，百奥明公司从全国各地收集各种饲料和原料样本，进行霉菌毒素检测，并形成季度报告。为行业内同仁提供参考。[第一段]     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

一例猪附红细胞体病的诊治

附红细胞体病是以溶血性贫血、黄疸、发热为主要特征的人畜共患的血液感染性疾病,其病原体为附红细胞体。本病例通过流行病学调查、临床症状观察、尸体剖检和实验室检验,确诊为猪附红细胞体病。在采取综合性防治措施后疫情得到了有效控制。     

基因组学和生理学在家禽福利育种中的应用

<正>1最近十年的欧洲家禽福利经验在欧洲,农场动物福利是一个主要的问题。近年来人们对动物福利法规及其相关方面的科学研究日益增多。由于家禽福利状况堪忧,导致标准化家禽生产的话题被关注。选育的影响经常遭到质疑。事实上,在进行商业选育的最初,很少考虑家禽的适应能力,因此出现了某些性状的退化。但是现在,对福利相关性状和遗传选育的越来越关注,     

家蚕母种继代蛾区选择方法对种性维持的影响

为了有效保持生产实用家蚕品种的优良性状,在家蚕母种继代繁育中采用5种选择方法选择继代蛾区,探讨种性维持效果。分析8年12代及F1代的成绩表明:所有性状以保持种性为主,采用选留平均数上下1个标准差范围内蛾区的稳定化选择和以茧丝质指标在平均数-0.5~1.0标准差范围内选择,并结合健康性指标选留高值的综合选择,有利于家蚕母种的种性维持。     

夏枯草注射液抗炎和抗菌作用的研究

为研究夏枯草注射液的抗炎及抗菌作用,用二甲苯、蛋清分别造成小鼠和大鼠炎症模型来考察夏枯草注射液的抗炎作用,通过体外、体内抑菌试验来评价其抗菌作用。结果显示,夏枯草注射液能显著抑制Z-甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,体外抗菌试验表明该注射液对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、溶血性链球菌有较好的抑菌作用,并对腹腔注射肺炎双球菌ATCC27853引起小鼠死亡有保护作用。夏枯草注射液具有抗炎、抗菌作用,可为该药的临床应用与机制研究提供理论依据。     

河道整治工程中灌草植物应用研究浅议

河道边坡结构的破坏, 加剧了河坡生态环境恶化。采用生物护坡,尤其是栽植灌木和草本,可明显改善边坡的水土保持能力。植物发达的根系通过锚固作用和加筋作用有效地提高坡面的稳定性。种植植物可以在相对较短的时间内恢复边坡的生态功能,增加其抗侵蚀能力。灌木和草本是用于护坡的主要植物,现阶段用于护坡的灌草大多是根系发达、抗逆性强的植物种。不同土壤、气候条件及不同地区和地域适宜种植的灌草植物不同,因此采用种植灌草护坡应根据当地环境条件选择适宜植物,否则很难成功。分析阐述了植物的生态作用及护坡机理,并总结了在河道整治工程中主要使用的部分灌草种。最后列举了一些适应我国北方地区气候环境的护坡灌草,以期为护坡工程中灌草植物的选用提供一些建议。     

富硒酵母液体深层发酵条件的研究

试验对经含硒麦芽汁平板驯化得到的AS15菌株在含硒(Se4+)麦芽汁培养基中液体发酵条件进行研究,试验结果表明,AS15菌株在含Se4+的液体培养基中生物量和硒转化率均高于出发菌株;在AS15菌株对数生长期添加亚硒酸钠,AS15菌株生物量及硒转化率优于其它添加方式;AS15菌株发酵罐培养采用恒定pH值发酵,生物量有了明显的提高,达32.5g/l;在AS15菌株发酵罐培养22h后进行定时加入Se4+,所得到的AS15酵母细胞内的硒含量较摇瓶发酵有所提高,达2081μg/g,硒的转化率达84.5%。     

Transient receptor proteins illuminated: Current views on TRPs and disease

The transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) make up a very important family of ion channels responsible for a wide array of cellular functions. Originally identified in the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster, these channels are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian system. The TRP family is divided into seven subfamilies in two groups: the first group comprises TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPN (Drosophila NOMPC) and TRPA (ankyrin). The second group contains TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin).The biophysical characterization of TRPs has revealed significantly different activation mechanisms and selectivity between channels. Functional studies have demonstrated that TRPs are necessary for a number of physiological processes, including sensation (such as taste, smell and temperature), hormone secretion and development. TRPs mediate these effects mainly by controlling the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, which acts as a second messenger. Recent research has linked TRPs to different diseases. This review considers the impact of TRPs on cell physiology and the abnormalities observed with channel dysfunction.     

家蚕B型清道夫受体基因的鉴定及系统发生与表达分析

B型清道夫受体(SR-B)是清道夫受体超基因家族成员,参与机体的脂类代谢、动脉粥样硬化形成或保护、宿主免疫损害防御、凋亡细胞清除和细胞粘附等重要生命过程。基于家蚕全基因组数据,利用比较基因组学方法,鉴定获得了14个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因,这些基因分布在至少5条染色体上,其内含子的大小从几十到近万个碱基对。系统发生分析表明,14个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因分布在3个类群:第1类群中分布的9个基因和第3类群中分布的3个基因,分别与类群中其它昆虫的同源基因形成明显的直系同源关系;第2类群中分布有2个基因,此类群中不同昆虫的同源基因之间的进化关系较为复杂。EST数据和芯片数据分析表明,多数家蚕B型清道夫受体基因具有转录活性。RT-PCR检测结果显示,有8个家蚕B型清道夫受体基因在5龄第3天幼虫组织中表达,并具有不同的表达模式,推测这些基因可能行使不同的功能。研究结果为进一步诠释家蚕B型清道夫受体基因的功能奠定了基础。