Variability in pattern and hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of long-chain n-alkanes of surface soils and its relations to climate and vegetation characteristics: A meta-analysis

The average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), and hydrogen isotope composition (δ²H) of long-chain n-alkanes in sediments have been used to retrieve information about the paleoclimate. Despite their importance as in-between media from leaves to sediments, n-alkanes of surface soils have not been systematically analyzed at large scale. Such an investigation of the spatial variation of n-alkane properties in soil and their dependence on climatic and botanic (e.g., vegetation type) factors could provide a rationale for a better estimation of the past environment. We synthesized the patterns and δ²H of long-chain n-alkanes in soil (δ²H^n-alkanes) with regard to vegetation types (cropland, grassland, shrubland, and woodland) and environmental factors using data from peer-reviewed papers. Our results showed that the ACL and CPI of soil C₂₇–C₃₃ n-alkanes were not suitable indicators for differentiating vegetation types at large scale; instead, ACL significantly correlated with water conditions such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), and CPI significantly correlated with temperature without significant influence of vegetation type. The variation (i.e., standard deviation) of fractionation between the δ²H values in annual precipitation and in soil n-alkanes (ε_rain-soil) was smaller than that reported in leaves; therefore, soils were better suited to quantifying the general growing conditions of plants at a certain site. The fractionation ε_rain-soil correlated with climatic conditions as described by the PDSI and relative humidity (RH). This correlation agreed with the change in leaf water enrichment with changing RH taken from the literature and was independent of the vegetation type at large scale. This meta-analysis may provide useful information for the variations of the patterns and δ²H_n-alkanes values in surface soils.     

基于TDT原理的灌木水分传感器探头设计与实验

根据时域传输TDT法,设计了灌木茎体含水率测量装置。装置由高频信号源、同轴传输线、缠绕式探头及相位比较电路4部分组成。高频电磁波在不同介质中的传播速度不同,表现为在不同介质中的传播相位不同,而含水灌木介电常数的大小主要取决于其含水率的大小,因此通过测量电磁波在同轴电缆上A和缠绕于灌木茎体上探头B的相位差来获取灌木的含水率。选择吸水棉棒来模拟不同含水率的灌木,研究高频信号源工作频率、探头结构对相位差的影响。实验表明,当探针长度为60 cm,信号源频率为50 MHz和100 MHz时,A、B两路电磁波信号的相位差与棉棒吸水率变化呈单调性,且具有良好的相关性。     

猫泛白细胞减少症弱毒冻干疫苗研制与探索最佳冻干曲线的研究

生物制品进行冷冻干燥过程中，或多或少会损失一定的效价，可直接影响产品效力和免疫原性。本文为研制出高效价和保持期长的猪泛白细胞减少症弱毒冻干疫苗，为降低效价损失，选择出最佳冷冻干燥曲线，使冻干后的产品效价损失减少到最低水平。试验结果选用全程为17h的冻干曲线是科学的、可行的。     

雏鸡新城疫免疫后T,B细胞数量及功能变化

本试验研究了130只健康滨白雏鸡新城疫1次、2次免疫后,外周血液 T,B细胞数量及其功能的动态变化。结果表明,1次免疫后其外周血液 T,B 淋巴细胞数量明显上升,T,B 细胞功能增强;2次免疫后外周血液 T,B 淋巴细胞数量及功能均明显高于1次免疫。说明健康鸡 ND 免疫后,体液免疫和细胞免疫应答均参与免疫应答,2次免疫具有免疫增强作用。新城疫强毒攻击后,免疫鸡呈现良好的免疫保护,其血液 T,B 细胞数量略有上升,维持较高水平,未免疫鸡全部发病死亡,其血液 T,B 细胞数量明显下降。说明攻毒后鸡的免疫保护力与其血液 T、B 细胞数量高低有一定关系。     

精子提取物对绵羊显微授精受精率及胚胎发育影响的研究

将绵羊精子可溶性撮物与上不运动绵羊精人同注射于体外成熟的绵羊卵母细胞并在体外培养，结果发现，共同注射的卵母细胞卵裂率、２￣１６细胞发育率，桑椹胚发率育，囊胚发育率均显著高于对照组，其中卵母细胞卵裂率和２￣１６细胞发育率还显著高于精子单独注射组；桑椹胚，囊胚发育率明显高于精子单独注射组。     

Effect of acute intraocular pressure elevation on blood flow velocity and resistance in the rabbit ophthalmic artery

Objective To determine the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on blood flow velocity and resistance in the rabbit ophthalmic artery. Animals Ten adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Procedures Right eyes were cannulated and the IOP was raised in a stepwise manner from 20 to 70 mmHg. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery were measured by color Doppler imaging. Values of PSV, EDV and RI were compared at various IOPs via the analysis of variance (anova ) of a randomized block design with post hoc Bonferroni test. Results Significant differences of PSV, EDV and RI at different IOP points (all P < 0.001) were observed. Over the entire IOP range, linear regression showed a negative correlation between IOP and both PSV and EDV (β = ?0.07434, P = 0.0020 and β = ?0.07829, P < 0.001, respectively), as well as a positive correlation between the RI and IOP (β = 0.00221, P < 0.001). Moreover, line plots identified a point with IOP = 40 mmHg, splitting the IOP range with different regression slopes. Piecewise linear regression indicated no correlation between PSV, EDV, RI and IOP when the IOP was elevated from 20 to 40 mmHg (P = 0.1832, P = 0.5932 and P = 0.5819, respectively). However, piecewise linear regression detected a stronger negative correlation between PSV, EDV and IOP (β = ?0.15760, P = 0.0011 and β = ?0.11872, P = 0.001, respectively) and a stronger positive correlation between RI and IOP (β = 0.00273, P = 0.0015) during the stage from 40 to 70 mmHg. Conclusions The ophthalmic artery in the rabbits was capable of maintaining normal blood velocity and resistance when IOP was below 40 mmHg. However, the autoregulatory capacity was greatly limited when IOP was over 40 mmHg.     

黄花蒿提取物对奶山羊乳腺动静脉血脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶山羊乳腺阴外动脉血和乳静脉血中共轭亚油酸(CLA)等脂肪酸含量的影响.选用9只健康、体重(38±3) kg的泌乳期[泌乳天数(210±15)d]关中奶山羊,随机分为3组,每组3只羊,对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组奶山羊分别饲喂0、7.26和12.10 g/d黄花蒿乙醇提取物.经预试期30 d后,分...     

农业机械信息化的现状及发展建议

农业机械信息化的作用日益突现，在分析现状与发展趋势的基础上，提出几点建议，从资金人才投入、信息处理等几个方面阐述了如何促进农机信息化工作，实现农机化信息更好地为农业增效、农民增收服务。     

农业机械信息化的现状及发展建议

农业机械信息化的作用日益突现,在分析现状与发展趋势的基础上,提出几点建议,从资金人才投入、信息处理等几个方面阐述了如何促进农机信息化工作,实现农机化信息更好地为农业增效、农民增收服务.     

基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据的森林生长异常监测

利用遥感技术,基于时间序列的MODIS数据对2004—2006年东北三省的林区进行森林生长异常监测。首先利用MODIS数据时间分辨率高的特点,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波函数平滑8天合成的EVI,计算生长季面积和年EVI曲线熵值,两指标联合得到3年间变化量大的像素点,定义为森林生长异常点;然后抽取异常点的时间序列曲线进行分析,并结合森林灾害事件进行比较验证。结果表明:异常点曲线的熵值明显大于正常年,生长季峰值低,并且在生长旺季会出现峰值突然持续下降或双峰等异常现象,这与该区域森林生长异常发生时的植被反射率表征一致,说明用该法对森林生长异常进行监测是基本可行的。