CMS-D2恢复基因对陆地棉主要性状的影响

选用1对同质异核的哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育恢复基因近等基因系——保持系和恢复系为试验材料,分别在黄河流域棉区(河南安阳)和长江流域棉区(江西九江)2个生态点种植,对棉花苗期生长、全生育期主茎功能叶片光合生理指标、花药发育状况、产量及其构成因素以及纤维品质性状进行比较分析.结果表明:(1)恢复基因对棉花苗期生长、花药发育...     

麻竹笋用林施肥效果试验

对麻竹笋用林进行施肥试验研究,分析得知,鸡粪、复合肥、配方肥3种肥料对竹笋产量和经济纯收入有显著影响,均与竹笋产量、经济纯收入呈抛物线型关系,竹笋产量、经济纯收入随施肥量增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势;3种肥料的影响程度顺序依次为：配方施肥、鸡粪、复合肥,配方施肥的最佳施肥方案为鸡400＋复60＋硫酸锌0．9。     

车载设备隔振支架结构动态特性分析及优化

车载电子设备隔振支架结构是复杂工作环境下保障电子设备正常工作的关键部件.基于有限单元法、模态分析和结构优化理论,建立支架隔振结构系统动力学模型,分析了支架结构的动态特性.基于等强度原则,将优化设计与可靠性设计理论相结合,建立支架结构优化模型.满足结构安全务件下,实现了对支架结构固有频率的优化设计,避开了原系统的共振区域,减轻了箱体重量,使支架结构设计更加合理,具有一定的理论及工程应用价值.     

农业上市公司财务结构与绩效相关性的实证分析

合理的财务结构可以提高企业经营绩效,提高企业的竞争力。对于竞争力较弱的农业上市公司,如何安排财务结构才能提高绩效并保持成长性,是许多学者和企业家一直关注的问题。为了探讨这个问题,笔者以在沪深股市上市的农业公司2002-2006年的数据作为样本,对农业上市公司资产负债率与净资产报酬率、税后利润增长率之间的相关性进行了实证分析,得出以下主要结论：农业上市公司净资产报酬率与公司资产负债率呈现较显著的负相关关系;税后利润增长率与资产负债率之间呈现较显著的正相关关系。     

类生物化自适应制造系统控制结构

未来的制造系统需要应对多变的不可预测环境的干扰,因此要求制造系统的控制结构具有较好的自适应性、自组织性、敏捷性、智能性和鲁棒性.而具有这些生物行为特征的类生物化制造系统能够很好的满足这一要求.因此,借鉴生物系统的组织结构、控制机理和运行模式,从一个全新角度提出了有机制造单元的概念,并结合基于激素分泌调节的超短反馈机制,建立了类生物化生产系统自适应控制模型;基于神经-内分泌-免疫系统调节机制,建立了类生物化自适应制造系统控制结构模型.最后,通过一个基于信息素通信机制的实例表明:整个系统具有较强的鲁棒性.     

桃园梨小食心虫发生为害调查及防治对策

2008—2009年,在山西代县桃园开展了梨小食心虫发生动态监测和为害桃梢消长规律调查,调查发现,应用性诱剂监测桃园梨小食心虫成虫,前期诱蛾量大,高峰期明显;后期诱蛾量小,高峰期不明显,且后期梨小食心虫世代重叠现象严重,性诱剂监测能为桃园梨小食心虫前期进行适期防治提供帮助;明确了梨小食心虫为害桃梢盛期在5月中旬至7月上旬,为桃园前期保梢防治提供了有益帮助。结合调查和防治工作实践,提出了桃园梨小食心虫的防治策略以及包括桃园规划、农业措施、性诱剂应用、赤眼蜂释放、药剂防治等比较规范的综合防治技术。     

Avian predation on wild and cultured sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus intermedius</Emphasis> in a rocky shore habitat

ABSTRACT:   The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins.     

The role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem

We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.     

Dynamical analysis of net cage structures for marine aquaculture: Numerical simulation and model testing

A numerical model for analyzing dynamic properties of a net-cage system exposed in the open sea is proposed. The model is based on a lumped-mass method. In this model, the mooring lines are divided into linear elements and the net cage divided into several plane surface elements. The interconnected points or corners are called nodes or lumped-mass centers. The external force is calculated on each element and then equally distributed to its nodes. By adding the contributed forces from the neighboring elements, a system of motion equations for nodes is formed. The volume reduction coefficient of a net cage is estimated by the ratio of minimum volume of net cage during fluid and structure interaction to the original volume. In general, the numerical results are in good agreements with the experimental data. However, the results also show that if the Reynolds number is lower than the suggested range of 1400–1800, the numerical model may underestimate the environmental forces on a net-cage system.