适宜稻板田油菜免耕移栽的开沟器设计

针对长江中下游稻油轮作区黏重土壤条件下免耕移栽机机具配重小、开沟松土阻力大及开沟器易缠草等问题,设计了波纹圆盘开沟器。开沟器采用波纹圆盘设计,通过螺栓调节开沟深度,有效解决了入土难问题。运用Pro/E构建了波纹圆盘开沟器的三维模型,通过力学性能分析了影响开沟器开沟性能的主要因素。同时,开展了基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的开沟器切削土壤的数值模拟,得出了开沟模型三向应力和应变云图,并计算出开沟器在一定土壤条件下开沟沟深为70~80mm、沟宽为62mm,与实际相符。     

合同解除制度的比较分析——以我国《合同法》与《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》为视角

合同解除制度是合同制度的重要内容.我国《合同法》和《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》对合同解除制度都有比较详细的规定.本文试从合同解除的条件、程序及后果等方面对两者的规定进行比较分析.     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。     

美国青蛙红腿病、腐皮病并发的诊治技术

近年来,在邵武市、顺昌县两地美国青蛙(以下简称美蛙)主养区,暴发流行严重的美蛙红腿、腐皮并发病.其特点是范围广、时间长、死亡率高(30%～100%).从蝌蚪至成蛙各阶段均可发病,给许多养殖户带来严重的损失.笔者在2004年以来,接诊的邵武市卫闽、顺昌县等各养殖户18例病例,根据场地的实际情况,采取改善养殖环境、平衡饲料营养、外消口服的综合诊治方法,取得了较好的效果.现将诊治技术简介如下.     

转Xa21基因杂交水稻选育和评价

通过基因枪转基因方法和双质粒共转化体系将Xa21基因转入优良恢复系明恢63,得到转基因系M12和M22,并进一步做田间试验、新品种选育和食用安全性评价。结果显示:M12和M22对中国的所有白叶枯病小种都表现出高度抗性,但与原受体品种明恢63相比,农艺性状上有许多变异,主要表现在:结实率、千粒重等农艺性状变差,与珍汕97A的配合力显著降低;但与温敏不育系(X07S、056S)配组的F1有较好的田间表现。通过多代回交和分子标记辅助选择,成功地将Xa21基因从M12株系转到保持系80-4B和不育系80-4A中,得到抗白叶枯病的皖21B和皖21A。并利用皖21A不育系选育出优良杂交组合抗优97(皖21A×R-18),该组合在两年区域试验和一年生产试验中产量表现突出,米质优良。对不同世代和不同遗传背景的转基因品系进行白叶枯病鉴定和Southern分析表明:Xa21基因都能稳定遗传和正常表达,连续16代的种植并没使其白叶枯病的抗性减弱或丧失,而且不论Xa21基因是纯合的还是杂合的都有相同的抗性表现。对大鼠和小鼠的饲喂试验表明:转基因大米实质上等同于非转基因大米,是安全无害的。     

海带病害防治诊断专家系统的研究

海带病害的诊断和防治是保障海带健康养殖的关键。为了提高海带养殖用户的病害诊断和防治水平,本文对海带病害诊断专家系统进行了研究。首先,研究了知识的获取,以学术期刊发表的文献为主,同时辅以专家的调研,收集整理28种海带病害;接着,选择产生式规则描述知识,并构造了规则库;最后,采用正向推理进行病害诊断。该系统采用JSP+Sevlet+JavaBean实现,可以满足海带养殖用户对病害防治诊断的需求,并指出了下一步的研究方向和内容。     

Multidimensional diversity of bird communities across spatial variation of land cover in Zoige on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Background: Spatial variation of land cover can result in the changes of community similarities and biotic homog-enization, whereby the increasing similarity wo...     

黄皮次生木质部导管分子观察研究

运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法对黄皮次生木质部导管分子进行了观察研究。在黄皮的次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,分别对其进行了描述,并从导管分子个体发育与系统发育的角度进行了讨论。     

Inhibitory effect of 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol on larval survival and metamorphosis of the sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus nudus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   As a possible factor leading to the low recruitment level of sea urchins in kelp forests, the inhibitory effect of 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) released from the large perennial brown algae Ecklonia kurome and Eisenia bicyclis on survival and metamorphosis of eight-armed larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was examined. The percentage of larvae that underwent metamorphosis in filtered sea water after 1 h exposure to one-half dilution of saturated dibromomethane solution (∼60 ppm) as a chemical inducer reached approximately 100% after 1 h, while that in filtered sea water containing 1 ppm TBP was reduced to 73%. This was further reduced to less than 40% in the presence of 10 and 20 ppm TBP after 2 h. In filtered sea water containing 1 and 10 ppm DBP, the proportion of metamorphosed larvae was reduced markedly to 43 and 5% after 2 h, respectively. All larvae exposed to 50 ppm TBP and to 20 and 50 ppm DBP died after 1 h. These findings suggest that DBP is more toxic than TBP for sea urchin larvae, strongly inhibiting their metamorphosis.     

Relative potencies of natural estrogens on vitellogenin and choriogenin levels in the Indian freshwater spotted snakehead, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Channa punctata</Emphasis>: in vivo and in vitro studies

The relative efficacies of three natural estrogens viz., estrone (E₁), estradiol-17β (E₂) and estriol (E₃) to induce synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg) and choriogenin (Chg) were assessed in primary hepatocyte cultures of the Indian freshwater spotted snakehead, Channa punctata. Hepatocytes were isolated from the spotted snakehead liver by a non-enzymatic protocol. Optimum culture conditions were standardized for ensuring their viability and functioning. Isolated hepatocytes were cultured for 48 h for monolayer formation and then exposed to various concentrations (0.001–10 μM) of the three estrogens. Competitive homologous ELISAs, developed and validated for spotted snakehead Vg and Chg were employed to determine the amounts of these two proteins secreted into the culture medium after 48 h of incubation. The results reveal that although all the three estrogens were effective in inducing the production of Vg and Chg in a dose-dependent manner, there were differences in their relative potencies. Of three estrogens, E₁ was the least potent and could induce synthesis of Vg and Chg only at a minimum concentration of 0.5 μM; whereas significant levels of both the proteins were quantified in culture medium by exposing the hepatocytes to E₂ or E₃ even at a concentration of 0.001 μM. All three estrogens were effective in inducing synthesis of Vg and Chg in vivo also. These results suggest the possibility of employing the above in vitro experimental design to monitor the presence of estrogens/estrogen-like chemicals in natural waters, which could interfere with the estrogen receptor system of fish. This study further points to the possibility of using Chg, in addition to Vg, as a parameter for screening various chemicals for their estrogenic activity.