基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

继承:农村土地承包经营权完善的重要内容

农村土地承包经营制度是我国在特定时期——土地公有的前提下制定的,农民可以依法取得土地的使用权和收益权,实现对土地的直接占用。由于我国现行法对农村土地承包经营权继承的规定不够明确,对土地承包经营权能否继承,学术界出现了两种对立的观点。文章立足于理论与实践的结合,在实地调查的基础上,从相关概念分析入手,对农村土地承包经营权能否继承及理由、现有的继承方式进行了分析,并阐述了在具体的实践操作中,应该注意的几类人群的继承问题。     

水泥混凝土桥面铺装层最不利荷载位置的确定

采用ABAQUS方法建立了三维足尺寸钢筋混凝土T型梁桥以及沥青混凝土铺装层实体模型,分析不同荷载工况下铺装层内部以及层间胶结界面的纵、横向切应力变化规律,确定了最不利荷载的位置为横桥向工况二、纵桥向位于L/8的荷位,结果可作为桥面铺装体系力学行为的基础。     

Ultrastructure of stridulating organ of Xylotrechus rusticus L. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and behavioral responses to alarm sounds

We used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We compared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in females and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X. rusticus was recorded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound of X. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及机制研究

微酸性电解水作为一种安全、高效、广谱的新型消毒剂,具有制备简单、成本低、使用后无残留、对人体无毒无害等优点.研究微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及其杀菌机制,为其在蚕桑生产中的应用奠定基础.体外抑菌试验结果表明,有效氯质量浓度为40 mg/L、pH5.5、氧化还原电位(ORP)为1100 mV的微酸性电解水处理5 min即可全部杀灭家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌.生物学试验结果表明,该电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌处理5 min后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的灭活率达到90％;处理15 min时,灭活率为100％.经微酸性电解水处理后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的外部形态发生改变,菌体膨胀、逐渐伸长,之后出现孔洞,最后菌体破裂、死亡;胞外电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;菌体DNA发生降解.试验结果表明微酸性电解水主要通过破坏家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌细胞外部形态,改变细胞膜通透性,导致细胞内容物外渗,DNA结构受到破坏,达到杀菌目的 .     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪尿液中地西泮及其7种代谢物残留

为建立快速测定猪尿中地西泮及其7种代谢物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)确证方法,本研究优化了样品净化的阳离子交换固相萃取柱(PCX柱)及其淋洗洗脱条件。猪尿液酸化后直接经PCX柱净化,依次用水、60%甲醇水溶液淋洗,最后用5%氨化甲醇洗脱;选用BEH C18色谱柱分离,UPLCMS/MS进行检测,以基质匹配标准曲线定量。结果显示:8种药物在0.3~20.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R²≥0.995),检出限和定量限分别为0.1μg/L和0.3μg/L;各药物在3个添加浓度下回收率为73.6%~95.3%,日内、日间相对标准偏差分别为2.9%~18.6%(n=6)和2.2%~12.6%(n=3)。结果表明,本方法操作简单、快速,灵敏度高、特异性好。     

微流控芯片技术在微生物检测中的应用

微流控芯片是一项以芯片为基础,结合化学、物理学、生物学等多学科形成的技术平台,能够在一个芯片上实现样品制备、反应、分离、检测等流程,具有高通量、高效率和易操作的特点。随着材料科学和纳米技术的发展,该项技术得到迅速发展并应用于化学分析、微生物检测等,尤其是在微生物检测和分析方面发挥着重要作用,并逐步产生了商品化的微流控芯片。微流控芯片因具有小型化、节约试剂、速度快、集成化程度高等优点,适用于处理突发公共卫生事件,但目前在动物疫病检测中的应用还很少见。本文对微流控芯片的技术原理、结构及其在微生物检测中的应用进行综述,以期为动物疫病的高通量检测提供借鉴。     

口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用

为评价口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA(cELISA)抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用前景,对2017年从福建省三明市采集的336份黄牛、奶牛、羊和猪血清样品,用A型cELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行抗体检测。结果显示,92份黄牛血清、92份羊血清、92份猪血清、60份奶牛血清的A型抗体阳性率分别为13.04%、11.96%、20.65%、86.67%。从上述4种血清中,各挑选10份血清(阴性、阳性各5份)共40份,采用口蹄疫病毒液相阻断ELISA(LPB-ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒进行验证。结果显示:cELISA检测为阳性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阳性19份;cELISA检测为阴性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阴性17份;两种方法的κ值为0.8,总符合率为90.00%。结果表明,A型cELISA试剂盒与LPB-ELISA试剂盒的符合率和一致性均较高,可用于口蹄疫流行病学调查和血清学监测。