Spatial distribution and solubilization characteristics of metal(loid)s in riparian soils within reservoirs along the middle Jinsha River

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The construction of large dams submerges riparian soils within reservoirs. However, little is known about the influence of water submergence on metal(loid)...     

Beneficial effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth,intestinal health and immunity of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant‐based diets

This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune parameters and disease resistance of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five test diets with commercial protease at the levels of 0, 1.38, 2.76, 5.52 and 11.04 U/g (named PE0, PE1, PE2, PE5 and PE11, respectively) were administered to triplicate tanks with 30 fish for 60 days, and then, the fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae for 14 days. The results indicated that weight gain increased as exogenous protease increased from 0 to 5.52 U protease/g diet and then decreased significantly (p < .05) with a further increase in exogenous protease supplementation (p < .05). The height of the villi in the proximal intestine and distal intestine, the width of the villi in three segments of the intestine, and the thickness of the muscle layer in the proximal intestine and mid‐intestine (p < .05) were increased in the fish fed the PE5 diet. Immune and antioxidant indices (except malondialdehyde), and survival after challenged with S. agalactiae were higher in fish fed PE5 diets than in those fed other diets (p < .05). In conclusion, 5.52 U/g protease supplementation in a plant‐based diet could promote the growth performance, intestinal physical barrier function, innate immunity and S. agalactiae resistance of GIFT.     

GIS在福建龙眼低温冻害分析中的应用

 为减少福建龙眼在低温冻害中的损失,实现科学合理的种植布局,进行本研究。根据龙眼的生长情况、受害程度与年度极端最低气温、种植区域的坡向、坡度的关系,确定龙眼冻害等级指标。利用福建68个气象台站的地理信息资料,建立龙眼冻害指标的空间分布特征模型,通过GIS技术推算出50m×50m分辨率的冻害指标空间分布。利用GIS的空间分析能力,得出福建龙眼低温冻害的分布规律。     

土壤重金属污染及植物修复技术

土壤重金属污染是当今面一临的一个重要环境问题,而土壤重金属污染的植物修复是治理污染土壤的重要手段之一.作者概括了中国土壤重金属污染现状及危害,论述了植物修复技术的类型及其优缺点,并展望了植物修复未来的发展趋势.     

Functional CpG methylation system in a social insect

DNA methylation systems are well characterized in vertebrates, but methylation in Drosophila melanogaster and other invertebrates remains controversial. Using the recently sequenced honey bee genome, we present a bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical characterization of a functional DNA methylation system in an insect. We report on catalytically active orthologs of the vertebrate DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and b, two isoforms that contain a methyl-DNA binding domain, genomic 5-methyl-deoxycytosine, and CpG-methylated genes. The honey bee provides an opportunity to study the roles of methylation in social contexts.     

高温胁迫对海州常山形态和生理特性的影响

为研究海州常山(Clerodendrum trichotomum)的耐高温胁迫能力,以海州常山2年生根蘖苗为试材,研究了不同胁迫温度和时间对海州常山叶片形态和生理指标的影响.结果表明:35℃对海州常山的影响不大,植株生长正常;40℃时,随着胁迫时间的延长,植株形态和生理指标变化较大,叶片明显变黄,出现焦边和枯斑,说明植株受到了一定的高温伤害;45℃下,植株形态和各项生理指标急剧变化,叶片迅速失绿而不断黄化,枯斑不断增多,后期部分叶片枯死、脱落,植株受到了严重的高温伤害.随着胁迫温度的增加,脯氨酸、可溶性糖的质量分数不断增加,胁迫初期可溶性蛋白的质量分数和SOD活性呈上升趋势,表明海州常山在高温胁迫过程中主要通过增加渗透调节物质含量和提高细胞保护酶活性来抵御高温不良环境;随着胁迫温度的增加和时间的延长,叶绿素质量分数持续下降,相对电导率、MDA质量摩尔浓度呈持续增加趋势,这些现象是海州常山受到高温伤害的生理表现.     

Responses of soil bacterial communities,enzyme activities,and nutrients to agricultural-to-natural ecosystem conversion in the Loess Plateau,China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil microbial communities play critical function during nutrient cycling. However, with the increasing nutrient input into terrestrial ecosystems from human...     

Reducing CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar

Purpose  

A potential means to diminish increasing levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere is the use of pyrolysis to convert biomass into biochar, which stabilizes the carbon (C) that is then applied to soil. Before biochar can be used on a large scale, especially in agricultural soils, its effects on the soil system need to be assessed. This is especially important in rice paddy soils that release large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.