Age-related changes in the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches in small intestine of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)

The distribution, size, and appearance of Peyer's patches vary according to species. In order to determine the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches in small intestine of Bactrian camel, and age-related changes in the number of Peyer's patches, 40 Bactrian camels of the following four age groups were studied: young (0.5–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years), and old (17–20 years). The exact number of Peyer's patches was recorded, and the appearance of Peyer's patches was described in detail. The results indicated that Peyer's patches of Bactrian camels not only have a particular anatomical location and distinct appearance but also change with age. They were distributed in the whole small intestine and there were four distinct types of Peyer's patches: nodular, faviform, cup-shaped, and cystic form Peyer's patches. However, the nodular and cystic form Peyer’s patches are specific to Bactrian camel, which have not been found in other animals including Dromedary camel. In addition, the distribution density of Peyer's patches in ileum was the maximum, then was jejunum and duodenum. Further statistical analysis showed that the number of Peyer's patches was altered with age. The number peaked in 5-year-old camels and declined subsequently with age. However, there was little change in the size of Peyer's patches in different age groups; no age-related macroscopic variations in the shape or size of the Peyer's patches were found. Results obtained from this study provide the basic information to further study on the gastrointestinal mucosal immunity of Bactrian camel.     

森林生态系统土壤碳库对氮沉降的响应研究进展

大气氮沉降的不断加剧,改变了土壤理化性质,直接影响植物的生长与发育,间接影响了陆地生态系统碳库,进而可能改变全球气候变化进程。森林是陆地生态系统的主体,因此,弄清氮沉降如何影响森林生态系统碳库,对预测全球气候变化具有重要意义。笔者旨在详细分析氮沉降对森林生态系统土壤碳库输入和输出的影响,阐述氮沉降对森林生态系统凋落物分解、细根周转和土壤呼吸的影响研究进展和作用机制。截至目前,关于氮沉降对于陆地生态系统的影响研究报道较多,且国内外诸多学者也在森林生态系统土壤碳库对氮沉降的响应领域开展了较多试验研究,但多集中于碳输入和输出的总量分析,而对输入和输出各个组分的研究相对较少。笔者综述了国内外有关森林生态系统碳库输入和输出各组分对氮沉降响应的相关研究,为进一步揭示其响应机制和途径提供参考依据。     

Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method

Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34, 142-152. The fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (EF) and ciprofloxacin (CF) residues were investigated in the edible tissues of two important Asian aquacultured species such as Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. Fish and prawn were treated with medicated feed with multiple doses of EF, in field conditions. A validation study of the analytical method was realized in terms of linearity, specificity, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), recovery and decision limit (CCα). The time needed before the antibiotic disappears from animal tissues or reach the maximum residue limit (MRL, 100μg/kg) was assessed. The concentration values of EF detected in Tra catfish tissue were between the MRL and 2×MRL concentrations, according to the fish density, 7days following the end of the enrofloxacin treatment (20mg/kg body weight per day, for seven consecutive days). The concentration value of ER in prawn tissue was lower than the MRL and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 14μg/kg) 5 and 7days after the stop of the EF treatment (50mg/kg body weight per day, for five consecutive days), respectively. The mean detected levels of CF was much lower in comparison with that of EF, indicating that only a small part of EF is metabolized into CF (<5%) in both Tra catfish and prawn.     

中小饲料企业的品牌战略和低成本传播思路

中小饲料企业是我国饲料企业的主体．在饲料产业中起着举足轻重的作用。 品牌是一种产品乃至一个企业区别于其他产品和企业的标志．对饲料企业而言．它代表了一种潜在的竞争力与获利能力,对养殖场（户）而言．它是质量与信誉的保证。降低了购买成本与风险。     

棉花新品种国审冀668综合性状分析

综合分析了国审冀668棉花新品种在河北省、黄河流域和西北内陆棉区的区域试验结果,表明国审冀668棉花具有高产、稳产、适应性强、优质、多抗等优点。     

散尾葵提取物成分分析及抑菌作用

利用超声波提取和气质联用分析法,对散尾葵的提取物进行了组分和含量分析。结果表明,提取物含酸类化合物2种,占提取物总量的1.20%;醇类化合物3种,占提取物总含量 1.78%;酯类化合物5种,占提取物总量的7.11%;烷类化合物5种,占提取物总量的13.27%;醚类化合物2种,占提取物总含量 3.36%;酮类化合物1种,占提取物总含量 0.41% 。利用散尾葵提取物对10种居室空气中收集的细菌进行了抑菌性测定,对其中7种具有抑菌活性,而对放线菌、动性球菌、冷杆菌无抑制作用。对葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌力最强,125mg/mL浓度提取液抑菌率达到100%。     

水稻机插秧育秧基质研究进展

基质育秧是水稻机插秧的关键技术,育秧的好坏直接关系到水稻机插秧的质量和产量。为了给水稻机插秧技术的完善提供参考,本文综述了水稻机插秧基质育秧的现状、优点、类型;归纳了市场上常见基质的配方,对基质的物理性状、化学性状和生物性状等进行阐述;也指出了基质育秧存在的问题,并对其在今后农业生产上的应用进行了展望。     

制造执行系统在大轮拖行业的应用

介绍了MES系统在第一拖拉机股份有限公司第三装配厂的实施情况。通过信息传递实现在生产管理、技术工艺、质量管理和装配追溯等环节的一体化管理。该系统的实施解决了设备的先进性与生产管理方式相匹配的问题,提升了企业生产管理水平、管理效率和决策速度的同时,也提高了产品品质和员工素质。      

红池坝人工草地放牧方式和放牧强度的研究

在红池坝人工草地对放牧方式和放牧强度进行比较研究,同时对已给定的载畜量加以验证,以便制定该草地的最适放牧制度。研究结果表明,适于该地区的放牧管理制度是划区轮牧;各个阶段的载畜量与牧草生长速度之间的关系可用数学模型表示为:Y=179.5＋5.48X,在每公顷7.5个绵羊单位的载畜量下进行中度放牧强度可获得草地最大产草量,并保持其稳定。     

LFA—3和IL—2对机体免疫增强作用

以绵羊红细胞膜提取的ＬＦＡ－３和猪外周血单个核细胞所产生的ＩＬ－２，同时或分别与新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗胸肌注射２２日龄雏鸡，测定鸡体ＨＩ抗体效阶及Ｅｔｇ花环形成率的变化，结果表明，ＬＦＡ－３组抗体效价与对照组差异极显著，ＩＬ－２也可显著提高ＩＶ系苗免疫后ＨＩ抗体效价，且两者的作用具有剂量依赖性。