黄兰叶片和花瓣挥发性成分及其抑菌效果

采用顶空固相微萃取和气象色谱质谱技术研究了黄兰(Michelia champak L.)叶片和花瓣的挥发性成分;并提取叶、花挥发物精油,测定了不同质量分数的精油对大肠杆菌ATCC6739、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538、枯草芽孢杆菌CMCC63501生长的影响。结果表明,黄兰叶片与花瓣的挥发性成分中都含有香叶烯、β-榄香烯、石竹烯等物质,叶片中的挥发性有机成分都是萜烯类物质,而花瓣的挥发性有机成分中除了萜烯类物质外,还含有较多的芳樟醇等醇类物质和安息香酸甲酯等酯类物质;黄兰叶片与花瓣的精油对大肠杆菌没有抑制作用,但质量分数为2.5%的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,其中2.5%的叶片精油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率达到68.20%。     

京福2优70特征特性及产量构成因素分析

对优质高产抗病中晚稻新组合京福2优70与汕优63从农艺性状、抗病性、主要经济性状、产量及产量结构因素进行比较分析。并对京福2优70在14个试验点的产量构成因素进行统计分析,得出京福2优70产量构成因素中穗粒数、有效穗与产量分别达极显著或显著正相关,因此在栽培技术上,应主攻穗粒数,保证有效穗,协调好各相关因素,才能达到高产的目的。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

抗草甘膦棉花研究进展

抗草甘膦棉花最早于1997在美国释放,它是通过将编码抗草甘膦酶5-烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因导入珂字棉312而获得的抗性株.抗草甘膦棉花在美国的种植面积占棉花总种植面积从1997年的3.2%到增加到2005年的60%左右.在这近十年内,抗草甘膦棉花虽然得到了广泛的种植,但也存在着不少问题,其中最为突出的是草甘膦的施用方法和时期的不正确操作对抗草甘膦棉花的根系生长、育性和产量都产生了负面影响.这主要是因为:1、外界因素,包括草甘膦施用方法在内的其他栽培措施和不利的环境条件,如高温,对抗草甘膦棉花的产量及生长的影响;2、内部因素,抗草甘膦棉花不同器官对草甘膦的吸收量及抗草甘膦基因的表达量差异有关.因此,本文从抗草甘膦棉花对草甘膦的吸收分配、草甘膦的施用量和时期对抗草甘膦棉花根系生长、花药开裂及产量等方面综述了这些年来抗草甘膦棉花在应用过程中的问题,并且对今后抗草甘膦棉花育种方面作了展望.     

中山市野生珍稀濒危植物和国家重点保护野生植物调查

据调查,中山市共有野生珍稀濒危植物7科7属7种,种数占广东省9.33%;国家重点保护野生植物7科7属8种,种数占广东省12.31%,并发现了极为罕见的四药门花、绣球茜和驼峰藤等种类.文章在介绍中山市野生珍稀濒危植物和国家重点保护野生植物的基础上,提出了保护建议.     

猫尾草的价值与栽培技术

文章介绍了猫尾草的形态特征及其实用价值,并总结了其栽培管理技术.     

农业院校学分制下导师职责定位

学分制由于在诸多方面有着传统的学年制所不可替代的优点而被许多农业院校采用.学分制下导师制的管理模式是其能否最终得到贯彻实施的关键要素之一.为此,导师应不断提高自身素养;要从"导向"、"导学"、"导心"及"导研"等层面给学生以具体的指导.同时,还应建立必要的激励和督导制度.     

广西青贮玉米生产的优势、问题及建议

发展青贮玉米对畜牧业发展具有积极的作用。通过实地调研和查阅有关资料发现,广西青贮玉米生产具有政策层面、生态环境、市场需求、优质饲料缺口大、效率高、品质好等方面的优势,但广西青贮玉米生产也存在缺乏优质专用型青贮玉米品种、技术落后、生产及收获加工机械化程度低和效率低等问题。广西要立足资源优势,用好用足各类支持和鼓励政策,制定适宜本地青贮玉米发展的具体措施,积极开展青贮玉米优质专用型新品种的选育和审定等科研联合攻关,推广应用青贮玉米新品种,强化青贮玉米种植生产的技术培训和展示观摩,提高青贮玉米生产的规模化和机械化水平,大力发展青贮玉米,促进畜牧业健康发展。     

不同品系西方蜜蜂基因组DNA多态性图谱构建及杂交分析

本研究应用随机引物K（5'-CGGCCCCTGT-3'）对不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA扩增，获得了能区分不同品系西蜂的多态性DNA图谱，从多态性图谱中选取一个共同片段K1680bp，标记成探针，探针K1680bp与不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA匀有杂交，从而证明片段K1680bp是西蜂蜂种的共性，为西蜂的鉴定提供了直接依据。     

稻虱净对家蚕毒性和安全性评估

在稻桑混栽区，施用浓度约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净时，将被污染的桑叶饲蚕，或在实验室用约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净从一龄蚕连续添毒，均能对家蚕造成慢性中毒，发生迟眠蚕，多营下茧和烂茧，全茧量、茧层量显著下降。